L12 - water and plant cells

no water = no -

plant

0 water potential indicates -

pure water

ecological aspect: water dictates - of plants

distribution

physiological aspects: water status is key for - and -

growth, photosynthesis

production of 1 gram of organic matter requires the absorption of - grams of water

500

water molecules are highly - due to - bonds

cohesive, hydrogen

water molecules minimize - with air, resulting in -

interaction, surface tension

water molecules are more strongly attracted to each other than to - phases, so the most stable configuration is to minimize - of the - interface

gas, surface area, air-water

energy required to increase surface area of the interface is known as -

surface tension

water molecules can form hydrogen bonds to molecules in some solid surfaces allowing for -

adhesion

contact angle is the angle from the - through the liquid to the -

solid surface, gas-liquid interface

contact angle quantifies the degree to which water is attracted to the - vs -

solid phase, itself

what type of surface?

hydrophilic

what type of surface?

hydrophobic

are primary or lignified cell walls more wettable? why?

cohesion, adhesion and surface tension give rise to -

capillarity

adhesion and surface tension pull water up the tube until the - is balanced by the - of water

upward force, weight

tensile strength = - per unit area that a - that can withstand before breaking

maximum force, continuous column of water

Cohesion between water molecules results in high - and -

latent heat of vaporization, tensile strength

osmosis is the diffusion of fluid through a semi-permeable membrane from a solution with a - solute concentration to a solution with a - solute concentration until there is an - concentration of fluid

low, higher, equal

transpiration stream is the flow of water from - to -

root, leaves

water moves from soil into root cells because it is more - inside roots

hypertonic

water flow mechanisms through membranes are driven by osmosis

1. diffusion across the - membrane

2. bulk flow through - proteins with water permeable pore

semi-permeable, aquaporin

compared to pure water, plant - has - free energy due to its solutes but plant cell wall will provide - and ultimately limit -

cytoplasm, low, counter-pressure, water uptake

compared to solution with high salt/sugar concentration, the plant cytoplasm has relatively - free energy due to its limited amount of -

high, solutes

in a hypotonic solution, water will - the cell

• for plants, the plant cell wall will provide - and ultimately limit -

• the animal cell will -

enter, counter-pressure, water uptake, lyse

in a hypertonic solution, water will - the cell

exit

plasmolysis means the shrinkage or contraction of the - away from the wall of a living plant or bacterial cell, caused by - of water through osmosis

protoplasm, loss

what type of solution is this plant cell in?

what state is this plant cell in?

what is the blue line pointing to (bottom right of cell)?

hypertonic, plasmolyzed, point of contact with cell wall at plasmodesmata

what type of solution is this plant cell in?

what state is this plant cell in?

isotonic, flaccid

what type of solution is this plant cell in?

what state is this plant cell in?

what is the black line pointing to?

hypotonic, turgid, vacuole

protoplasm means the -, excluding the -

living cell, cell wall

turgor pressure is the force within the cell exerted by the - that pushes the plasma membrane against the cell wall, a turgid plant cell needs to be in a - environment

vacuole, hypotonic

water potential quantifies the tendency of water to move from one area to another due to - (four things)

osmosis, gravity, pressure, capillary action

water potential is the -

chemical potential to perform work/volume 1 mole of water

water potential equation

Ψw = Ψs + Ψp + (Ψg)

Ψs

solute component or osmotic potential

Ψp

pressure component or pressure potential

Ψg

gravity component, can be ignored at cell level

Ψw of a cell can be determined by defining a state when Ψp is - as Ψw = Ψs

zero

water will leave the cell when the water potential is - outside than inside the cell

lower

there is no net flow of water when water potential is the - outside and inside the cell

same

water will enter the cell when the water potential is - outside than inside the cell, until the cell wall provides a counter pressure that - the difference in water potential

higher, balances