Chapter 13 - import from quizlet

A leading rancher in California who owned property where gold was discovered was

John A. Sutter.

Abolitionist __________ __________ led the Pottawatomie Massacre.

John Brown

After the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, disappointed members of several major political parties combines to form the __________ Party.

Republican

American immigrants into Oregon

outnumbered the British by the mid-1840s.

Americans justified expansion in the 1800s with the ideology known as "__________ __________."

Manifest Destiny

As a congressman from Tennessee, _____ strongly supported annexing Texas and occupying the Oregon territory.

James K. Polk

As a part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, Mexico agreed to acknowledge the __________ __________ River as the boundary of Texas.

Rio Grande

As a result of the gold rush, by 1850 California

had a very diverse population.

As a result of the intense conflicts between pro-slavery and free-state settlers in Kansas, the state earned the nickname

Bleeding Kansas.

As president, James K. Polk

convinced the British government to divide the Oregon territory at the 49th parallel.

At the same time as the Oregon dispute, the United States was involved in another territorial dispute with which country?

Mexico

At what point in the Proviso does the language appear to assume that the current conflict will have at least a partially diplomatic ending?

"by virtue of any treaty..."

Because many Californian men left their jobs to work in the gold fields, many _____ were able to find decent work in the West.

Chinese immigrants

Between 1840 and 1860, most migrants traveling west on the overland trails

found the journey to be a very communal experience.

By 1830, Texas

saw the United States unsuccessfully attempt to purchase it.

By combining the Oregon and the Texas issue in 1844, Democrats hoped to

appeal to both northern and southern expansionists.

By the end of the 1860s, the territory of the United States included

nearly the entire territory of the current continental United States.

Democrat _____ narrowly won the 1856 election by beating out the first Republican presidential candidate.

James Buchanan

Dred Scott sued his master's widow for his freedom on the grounds that

his residence in free territory had liberated him from slavery.

During the 1858 Abraham Lincoln-Stephen Douglas debates, it became clear that Lincoln

believed slavery was morally wrong, but he was not an abolitionist and he did not believe racial equality was feasible at the time.

Following John Brown's 1859 raid on Harpers Ferry, many southerners assumed

the North was dominated by people intent on destroying the South.

Henry Clay's bill, which led to the Compromise 1850, included admitting _____ to the Union as a free state.

California

How did Americans perceive the relationship between the Oregon border dispute and the Mexican War?

They believed Polk settled for less land in Oregon because he was distracted by Mexico.

How did building the transcontinental railroad intensify regional struggles between the North and South?

Both sides clashed over where the new railroad would connect with existing railroads.

How did General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna's rise to power lead to conflict with American settlers in Mexico?

He increased the power of the national government over regional governments, causing settlers to worry.

How did intellectual southerners respond to abolitionist attacks on slavery?

The produced The Pro-Slavery Argument.

How did most early American settlers in Texas obtain land from the Mexican government?

They brought settlers to the region and received large government land grants.

How did President Polk respond to the border dispute between Texas and Mexico?

He sent troops to Texas to protect the region against a Mexican invasion.

How did northerners react to the Dred Scott decision?

They were dismayed and vowed to "pack" the Court in order to reverse the decision.

How did southern whites react to the Dred Scott decision?

They were elated because the Supreme Court had validated parts of their argument.

How did southerners view the northern way of life?

-The North was filled with a spirit of greed, debauchery, and destructiveness.

-The northern factory system was inhumane.

How did the election of Abraham Lincoln to the presidency in 1860 affect southerners?

-Many took it as a sign that their differences with the North were not reconcilable.

-Several southern states decided to secede from the Union.

How did the Forty-niners change California?

-They expanded California's urban and rural populations.

-They increased the racial and ethnic diversity of California's population.

How effective was the Proviso in terms of achieving its own goals?

In the end, it just postponed further sectional divisions.

How were the Forty-niners different from other western migrants?

They did not bring families with them.

Immigrants going west on the great overland trails faced the least danger from

hostile Indians.

In 1844, President James K. Polk supported the acquisition of

Oregon and Texas.

In 1844, Whig Party candidate Henry Clay lost the presidential election because he

was noncommittal toward annexing Texas.

In 1845, the immediate cause of war with Mexico was

a border dispute.

In 1849, President Zachary Taylor favored admitting California

as a free state.

In order to please southerners, Stephen A. Douglas agreed to divide the territory west of Iowa and Missouri as part of the __________-__________ Act.

Kansas-Nebraska

In the 1820s and 1830s, the government of Mexico

moved from favoring to opposing American immigration into Texas.

In the 1840s, regional critics of President James K. Polk claimed his policies favored the

South.

In the 1850s, in an effort to undercut the Fugitive Slave Act, some northern states

passed laws preventing the deportation of fugitive slaves.

In the 1850s, the issue of slavery complicated the proposal to build a transcontinental railroad, as

non-slave-owning northerners and slave-owning southerners could not agree on a route.

In the 1858 Abraham Lincoln-Stephen Douglas debates,

Lincoln argued slavery was a threat to the growth of free labor.

In the 1860 elections, the political party most deeply divided over slavery was the

Democratic Party.

In the election of 1860,

Abraham Lincoln was elected with much less than half of the popular vote.

In the election of 1860,

white southerners concluded their position in the Union was hopeless.

In the first phase of congressional debate over the bill that would become the Compromise of 1850, the majority of speakers were

elder statesmen who argued the topic on the basis of nationalistic ideals.

In the second phase of congressional debate over the Compromise of 1850, the majority of speakers were

young congressmen who used economic arguments for or against slavery.

James Buchanan

weakly endorsed the Dred Scott decision, supported the admission of Kansas as a slave state, and pressured Congress to admit Kansas under the Lecompton constitution.

Northern merchants and workers believed the depression of the late 1850s was the result of

the unsound policies of southern-controlled Democratic administrations.

Northerners accused southerners of engaging in a "_____" to impose aristocratic, agrarian ideals on the rest of the nation.

slave power conspiracy

Northerners who accepted the concepts of "free soil" and "free labor" believed

slavery was dangerous not because of what it did to blacks, but because of what it did to whites.

On what legal basis did Dred Scott argue for his freedom in Dred Scott v. Sandford?

His master had taken him from Missouri to the free states of Illinois and Wisconsin.

Poor individuals who wanted to afford the trip west were most likely to

join established groups as laborers, servants, or teachers.

President Polk's plan for deciding the fate of slavery in the new territories was to extend the __________ __________ line.

Missouri Compromise

Southerners reacted to the raid at Harpers Ferry by

becoming convinced that it was unsafe to remain in the Union.

Southerners thought that admitting California as a state would

add to the number of free states and the northern majority in Congress.

Texans claimed that the border between Texas and Mexico was the _____, while Mexico claimed it was the _____.

Rio Grande; Nueces River

The __________ __________ was a 2,000-mile route west from Independence, Missouri, across the Great Plains and through the South Pass of the Rocky Mountains.

Oregon Trail

The _____ sought to use the expansion of American democracy into other parts of the world as a way to distract from sectional tensions.

"Young America" movement

The 1853 Gadsden Purchase

advanced the interests of southern railroads.

The 1856 beating of Charles Sumner on the floor of the United States Senate

was a vicious assault carried out by a member of Congress.

The 1858 U.S. Senate race in Illinois was between __________ __________ and Abraham Lincoln.

Stephen Douglas

The Bear Flag Revolt was an attempt to proclaim the independence of what region from Mexico?

California

The Compromise of 1850 allowed for the admission of California as

free state, along with a strengthened fugitive slave law.

The Compromise of 1850 included all of the following EXCEPT

(Included:-California would join the Union as a free state.

-a new more effective fugitive slave law.

-the slave trade, but not slavery, would be abolished in the District of Columbia.

-the rest of the lands acquired from Mexico, territorial governments would be formed without restrictions on slavery.)

an agreement that the national government would not pay the Texas debt.

The dispute over the Oregon boundary was primarily between which nations?

the United States and Britain.

The Dred Scott decision

affirmed the South's argument that the Constitution permitted slavery.

The first Republican candidate for president was

John C. Fremont.

The free-soil ideology became the heart of the __________ Party platform.

Republican

The idea that God and history had selected America to expand its boundaries over the continent of North America was known as

Manifest Destiny.

The Mexican lands that made up the 1853 Gadsden Purchase originally were bought to

create a southern route for the transcontinental railroad.

The northern Democrats nominated _____ for president in the 1860 election.

Stephen A. Douglas

The passage of the Compromise of 1850 was different than that of the Missouri Compromise because the Compromise of 1850

-was broken down into a series of separate measures.

-required significant bargaining.

The plan to allow the people of each territory to decide the status of slavery in their territory was known as

popular sovereignty.

The political party that came into being largely in response to the Kansas-Nebraska Act was the

Republican Party.

The primary area in dispute was part of what current state or province?

Washington

The purpose of John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry had been to

spark a slave uprising.

The question of statehood for Kansas and Nebraska became a critical issue because of

the issue of slavery.

The single event that did the most to convince white southerners the could not live safely in the Union was

John Brown's Harpers Ferry raid.

The United States and Great Britain agreed to fix the Oregon boundary at the _____ parallel.

49th

The Wilmot Proviso

passed the House but not the Senate.

The Wilmot Proviso sought to

prohibit slavery in any territory acquired from Mexico.

Travelers on the Oregon Trail

often migrated as families that practiced traditional gender divisions of labor.

True or false: In the mid-1840s, President Polk decided to acquire both New Mexico and California for the United States.

True

(He prepared the military to take action in California if necessary.)

True or false: Many southerners believed that John Brown's raid had the support of the Democratic Party.

False

True or false: Northerners viewed the "slave power conspiracy" as a threat to their liberties.

True

True or false: President Buchanan proved a firm and decisive president at the very time the nation needed one.

False