Ellis

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23 Terms

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Cognitive theory

Albert Ellis’ Theory

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  • A - Activating event

  • B - Belief formation

  • C - Consequences

  • D - Dispute of irrational belief

  • E - Effectiveness of new belief

  • F - Feeling after new belief

development of irrational beliefs

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Albert Ellis

Irrational Beliefs by —

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Pleasers

  • it is an absolute necessity to have love and approval from others almost all the time.

  • e.g “I have to please everyone. I can’t say ‘no’!” I am Superman!

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perfectionist

  • You must be unfailingly competent and perfect in all you undertake.

  • “I am flawless! I am accurate! I am not allowed to commit mistakes!”

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avengers

  • People who harm you or commit misdeeds are evil, wicked, and villainous individuals, and you should severely blame, damn, and punish them.

  • “An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth

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feelers

  • it is horrible, terrible, or catastrophic when things do not go the way you want them to go.

  • “There’s no other way but my way.”

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blamers

  • External events cause most human misery, and you have little ability to control your feelings or to rid yourself of depression, hostility, and similar feelings.

  • “Shit happens! And you couldn’t do anything about it.

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escape artist

  • You will find it easier to avoid facing many of life’s difficulties and self responsibilities than to undertake some rewarding form of self-discipline.

  • “Running and hiding are the easiest solutions to problem.”

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gullible

  • If something seems dangerous or fearsome, you must become preoccupied with and upset about it.

  • “If it is scary, then you must feel scared.

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sentimentals

  • Your past remains all- important, and just because something once strongly influenced your life, it has to keep determining your feelings and behavior today.

  • “What is good yesterday is also good today. What is good for me is good for you”

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intolerants

  • turn out better than they do, and you have to view it as awful and horrible if you do not quickly find good solutions to life’s problems.

  • “All of my problems must be solved now, or else it will get worse”

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passive

  • You can achieve happiness by inertia and inacting or by passively and uncommitedly “enjoying yourself”.

  • “Leave your happiness to destiny.”

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organizers

  • You must have a high degree of order or certainty to feel comfortable.

  • “I should live in a box!”

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grade conscious

  • You can give yourself a global rating as a human, and your general worth and
    self-acceptance depend upon the goodness of your performance and the degree that people approve of you.

  • “Life is graded and everyone should know that I am a dean’s lister”

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Aaron Beck

Irrational thinking by —

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dichotomous thinking

Black & White/All or none thinking

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overgeneralization

one sample is representative of the population

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magnification

the problem is 10 times bigger than it really is

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arbitrary inference

one evidence is enough to prove a person guilty

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selective abstraction

if it happens to you it is nothing. If it happens to me that is a big thing

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excessive responsibility

i am responsible for all the bad things that is happening

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self reference

i am at the center of everyone’s attention