Biochemistry Exam Review

These flashcards cover key concepts from the Biochemistry Exam Review notes, including metabolic processes, molecular structures, and lipid classifications.

What is released when blood glucose levels rise, stimulating glucose to enter cells?

Insulin

What is released when blood glucose levels drop, generating glucose from storage?

Glucagon

What does glycolysis convert?

Glucose to Pyruvate

What does the citric acid cycle convert?

Acetyl-CoA to Reduced coenzymes

Which process involves the conversion of ammonium ions into waste products for excretion?

Urea Cycle

Which process involves the conversion of glucose to glycogen?

Glycogenesis

Which process involves the production of glucose from pyruvate?

Gluconeogenesis

What is step 1 in amino acid catabolism?

Transamination

Where does the citric acid cycle take place?

Mitochondria

What linkage is formed in disaccharides?

Glycosidic linkage

Which of the following is not a polysaccharide?

Lactose and Sucrose

What type of amino acid would evade the body's defenses?

Non-reducing sugar

What functional group is least important in biochemistry?

aromatic ring

What type of bond joins amino acids together into proteins?

Peptide bond

What happens when a protein is denatured?

Its primary structure is maintained, but other structural properties are disrupted.

Which structure represents a Zwitterion?

The one that has both positively charged amino and negatively charged carboxyl groups.

What kind of reaction can convert oils into fats?

Hydrogenation

What are the repeating units of nucleic acids?

Nucleotides

Where does translation take place?

Ribosome

Which statement best summarizes the digestion of proteins?

Proteins are denatured by the stomach.

What type of lipid represents a fatty acid?

It has a long hydrocarbon chain and a carboxylic acid group.

What is the function of cholesterol in cell membranes?

Maintaining rigidity.

What are the predominant types of lipids in cell membranes?

Phospholipids