ap #3

Inference

A conclusion made based on the information presented

invective

An emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language.

Inference example

"It was after we started with Gatsby toward the house that the gardener saw Wilson's body a little way off in the grass, and the holocaust was complete."

invective example

Calling a person a chicken when they are unwilling to jump off the top of a building.

Irony

the contrast between what is said and what is really meant

Irony example

The directions were as clear as mud.

Juxtaposition

Placement of two things closely together to emphasize comparisons or contrasts

Juxtaposition example

Beauty and ugliness

Litotes

A form of understatement that involves making an affirmative point by denying its opposite

litotes example

"He was not averse to taking a drink." or "She is no saint."

loose sentence

A type of sentence in which the main idea (independent clause) comes first, followed by dependent grammatical units such as phrases and clauses.

loose sentence example

I went to the movies yesterday, bought candy, and shopped at the mall.

Metaphor

a figure of speech comparing two unlike things or the substitution of one for the other revealing similarity

metaphor example

The snow is a white blanket.

Metonymy

A figure of speech in which something is referred to by using the name of something that is associated with it

metonymy example

"The White House declared" rather than "The President declared"

mood (grammar)

the form a verb takes to indicate the attitude of the person using the verb

mood grammar example

joe eats too quickly

Narrative

The telling of a story or an account of an event or series of events.

narrative example

telling a story in a speech

Onomatopoeia

the use of words that imitate sounds

onomatopoeia example

Bang! The plate crashed to the floor

Oxymoron

a figure of speech in which apparently contradictory terms appear in conjunction

oxymoron example

cruel kindness

Paradox

A statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth.

paradox example

Winners know how to lose.

Parallelism

similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses

parallelism example

we have petitioned, we have remonstrated, we have supplicated