Lymphatic and Immune System

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176 Terms

1
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What are the structures within lymphatic circulation
capillaries, vessels, trunks, ducts
2
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What are the lymph organs and tissues
red bone marrow, thymus gland, lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils
3
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What is the function of lymph fluid
\-drain excess interstitial fluid

\-return fluid back to venous circulation

\-maintain body fluid and blood volume
4
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lymph organs and tissues function to contain masses of
lymphocytes and WBCs
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Lymph organs can detect __ __or__ __
foreign invaders ; abnormal cells
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lymph organs can initiate _______
immune response
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Where is IF absorbed in lymphatic cirulation
lymphatic capillaries
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Lymph capillaries have a ___ _____permeability and ___ diameter
higher; wider
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An increase in pressure within the capillaries closes what?
endothelial junctions
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What does lymph travel through to enter nodes
affarent lymphatic vessels
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How does lymph exit lymph nodes
efferent lymphatic vessels
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What receives lymph from vessels within major areas of the body?
lymphatic trunks
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What are the largest vessels recieving lymph?
lymphatic ducts
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Lymphatic ducts return fluid to
venous circulation
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What are the 2 lymphatic ducts
Right and Thoracic (left)
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Where does the R. lymph duct drain lymph from?
right head, neck, thorax, and arm
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Where does the thoracic duct drain lymph from?
\-left head, neck, thorax, and arm,

\-all of the abodmen and pelvis

\-both lower limbs
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Where do the lymph ducts drain lymph to
the brachiocephalic vein
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What are the primary lymph organs and tissues
red bone marrow and thymus
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What are the secondary lymph organs and tissues?
lymph nodes, tonsils, and spleen
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red bone marrow produces _______ cells
hemopoetic stem
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the RBM differentiates cells into _______ stem cells
lymphoid
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What are the 3 types of lymphocytes the RBM differentiates
B cells, natural killer cells, pre-t cells
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What cells mature in the RBM
b cell and natural killer cells
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Where do pre-T cells mature?
thymus
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secondary lymph organs are sites where ______lymphocytes can be ___ to mount immune response
mature; activated
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Pre- t cells can become ___ __and__ _____ in the thymus
cytotoxic; helper
28
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Which structure filters lymph?
lymph nodes
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Which lymph structure filters blood
spleen
30
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Tonsils monitor ___ __and__ _____ tracts for inhaled and ingested materials
digestive; respiratory
31
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What do all lymph organs consist of (4 things)
capsule, trabeculae, cortex, medulla
32
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What tissue is the capsule made of?
dense irregular CT
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_____ are extensions of capsule
trabeculae
34
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Where is the spleen located
upper left side of abdomen

\-deep to diaphragm + ribs 8-10
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What is the concave on the medial surface of an organ called?
hilem
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where does the splenic artery branch from?
abdominal aorta
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where does the splenic vein drain to?
the hepatic portal vein
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What cells help filter blood in the spleen?
b-cells, t-cells, macrophages
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The spleen removes old or defective ___ __and__ _____
blood cells; platelets
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tonsils are masses of ____ __and__ ______
tissue; WBCs
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Where is the pharyngeal tonsil
superior end of the throat
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What tonsil is on the soft palate
palatine tonsil
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Where is the lingual tonsil
base of tounge
44
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Tonsils detect foreign substances ____ __or__ _______
inhaled ; ingested
45
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What type of immune is nonspecific
innate
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Which immune can recognize foreign invaders?
adaptive
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Innate immunity has the _____ response for every pathogen/cell
same
48
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Adaptive immunity develops overtime with ____ to specific pathogens
exposure
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In adaptive immunity lymphocytes must _____ a pathogen to elicit a response
recognize
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In innate immunity what eats or engulfs pathogens
phagocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, macrophages)
51
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In innate immunity what cells destroy infected or damaged cells
natural killer cells
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What cells does the adaptice immune system use
b and t cells
53
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What are the 3 types of lines of defense
physical, chemical, and reflexes and processes
54
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What tissue is the skin
keritanized stratified squamous
55
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How does the skin protect?
regeneration and shedding, hair
56
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What lines body cavities and lumens open the the external environment
epithelium
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mucus traps ____
microbes
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What can propel microbes out
cillia
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What are the fluids that protect physical barriers (5)
lacrimal (tears), saliva, gastric juices, sweat/oil, vaginal secretions
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What processes can forcefully expel foreign invaders (5)
coughing, sneezing, urinating, defecating, vomitting
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Innate immunity initiates cellular responses to
\- destory forgein invaders

\-remove infected cells

\-set up for tissue repair
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What is the process of ingesting a microbe or cellular debris by phagocytes
phagocytosis
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What is released first in phagocytosis
neutrophils
64
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Monocytes transform into ______ for phagocytosis
macrophages
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What guards and protects in preparation for a microbe
resident macrophages
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What 3 cells are involved in phagocytosis
neutrophils, macrophages (monocytes) and resident macrophages
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What are the 5 steps to phagocytosis
chemotaxis →adhereance-→ ingestions--→ digestion-→ killing
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What is the release of chemicals from a microbe called?
chemotaxis
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What are the 2 innate mechanisms of defense
phagocytosis and cytolysis
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Cytolysis is performed by _____
natural killer cells
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What is the process of destroying infected or damaged cells called?
cytolysis
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What is the first step of cytolysis
infected cells bind the NK cell
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In cytolysis what does the NK cell release to puncture holes in the infected cell membrane
perforins
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In cytolysis what flows into the host cell to burst it?
extracellular fluid
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What are the cardinal signs of inflammation
pain, redness, swelling, immobility, heat
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What is pain in inflammation caused by
chemicals from microbes of WBC or damage to neurons
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Swelling (edema) is the accumulation of
ISF
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heat increase ___ reactions which _____ growth of microbes
metabolic ; inhibits
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What are the 3 stages of inflammation?
1) vasodilation and increased permeability

2) emigration

3) tissue repair
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What is vasodilation and increased permeability in response to inflammation due to?
release of chemicals from WBC or damaged blood cells
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What is the movement of phagocytes to the affected area called?
emigration
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During inflammation ____ emigrates first, then _____
neutrophils; monocytes
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emigration is also the movement of cells from __ to ______
blood ; ISF
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What is emigration dependent on ?
chemotaxis
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What are types of tissue repair
blood clotting, scar formation, regeneration
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What does tissue repair depend on?
age, blood supply, and nutrition
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What does adaptive immunity target
antigens
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What are recognizable foreign substances called?
antigens
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What are the two types of adaptive immunity?
cell mediated and antibody mediated
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What are the Ags of cell-mediated immunity
any host cell displaying abnormality
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What are the Ags of antibody mediated immunity
the virus, bacteria, or fungus itself
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Where does the Ag of antibody mediated reside in
body fluids or humors
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What cells are involved in cell-mediated immunity
anitgen presenting cells (macrogphages), helper t-cells, cytotoxic t cells
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What destroys the antigen in cell-mediated immunity
cytotoxic t-cells
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What destroys the antigen in antibody-mediated immunity
antibodies
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What cells are involved in antibody mediated immunity
antigen presenting cells, b-cells(--→ plasmocytes), macrophages
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What secretes antibodies
b-cells
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What is the marker to help determine if a cell is normal or not
major histocompatability complexes (MHCs)
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MHCs are
self antigens
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MHCs are embedded in _____ of all cells expect RBCs
membranes