OCR A-level History: The Middle East (1908-2011) - Key Dates

McMahon-Hussein Letters

1915

Sykes-Picot Agreement

1916

Start of Arab Revolt

1916

Balfour Declaration

1917

Treaty of Versailles granted mandates over Arab lands to Britain and France

1919

Uprising against British rule in Iraq

1920

French invaded Syria and expelled Faisal

1921

Faisal made King of Iraq

1921

Hitler came to power in Germany

1933

The Arab Rebellion in Palestine

1936-9

Peel Commission recommended partition of Palestine

1937

British government White Paper

1939

Biltmore Declaration of support for a 'Jewish commonwealth' in all of Palestine

1942

Zionist conference decided on a policy of active opposition to British rule

1945

Attack on the King David Hotel in Jerusalem

1946

Hanging of two British soldiers by Irgun

1947

The Exodus prevented from Landing in Palestine

1947

UN voted for partition of Palestine

November 1947

Start of Civil War in Palestine

November 1947

Declaration of new state of Israel

May 14 1948

Invasion of Israel by Arab armies

May 15 1948

Final ceasefire arranged

January 1949

First Arab-Israeli War ended in defeat for Arabs

1949

King of Egypt overthrown by army officers

1952

Nasser becomes president of Egypt

1954

Israeli attack on Gaza

February 1955

Egypt announced Czech arms deal

September 1955

Nationalisation of the Suez Canal

July 1956

Israeli forces invaded Egypt

October 26 1956

British and French bombed Egyptian airfields

October 31 1956

UN ceasefire and Anglo-French withdrawal from Egypt

November 6 1956

Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) established

1964

Fatah carried out its first raid on Israel

1965

Egypt signed a defence agreement with Syria

1966

Air fight between Israeli and Syrian planes

April 7 1967

Nasser moved Egyptian troops into Sinai

May 15 1967

Nasser Closed the Straits of Tiran to Israeli Shipping

May 22 1967

Jordan signed a defence treaty with Egypt

May 30 1967

Six Day War

June 5-10 1967

UN Resolution 242 passed

November 1967

Formation of OPEC

1960

War of attrition between Egypt and Israel

1969-70

Anwar Sadat became President of Egypt

1970

Sadat expelled Soviet advisers from Egypt

1972

October War

October 6-24 1973

Imposition of Arab oil embargo

October 20 1973

Treaties of disengagement

1974-75

Sadat flew to Israel

1977

Camp David Agreement between Egypt and Israel

1978

Treaty of Washington between Egypt and Israel

1979

Assassination of President Sadat

1981

Formation of the Arab League

1945

Baghdad Pact formed

1955

Nasser announces Czech Arms Deal

September 1955

Suez Crisis

1956

Formation of the United Arab Republic (UAR)

1958

Syria left the UAR

1961

Formation of Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)

1964

Six-day War

1967

Death of Nasser

1970

Attack on Great Mosque at Mecca by Islamic extremists

1979

Syrian army attack on Hama

1982

Anti-government demonstrations in Syria led to civil war

2011

Egyptian President Mubarak resigned and army took control

2011

Fatah set up

1959

Formation of the Palestine Liberation Army (PLO)

1964

The Six-day War

1967

Arafat became chairman of the PLO

1969

PLO expelled from Jordan

1970

Israeli athletes killed at Olympic Games

1972

Israeli invasion of Lebanon

1978

War in Lebanon (1)

1982

Palestinian Intifada

1987

War in Lebanon (2)

2006

USA was the first country to recognise state of Israel

1948

Suez Crisis and war enhanced Soviet influence in Middle East

1956

UN peacekeeping force established on Israeli-Egyptian border

1956

Eisenhower Doctrine

1957

Six-day War was a victory for US ally and a defeat for Soviet allies

1967

UN Resolution 242

1967

Soviet military advisers expelled from Egypt

1971

Arafat's speech to UN

1974

Oslo Accords

1993-1995

Israel-Jordan peace treaty

1994

Assassination of Yitzhak Rabin

1995

Camp David peace negotiations

2000

Beginning of second Intifada

2000

'Road map' to peace

2003

Death of Yasser Arafat

2004

Mahmoud Abbas elected president of the Palestinian Authority

2004

HAMAS victory in Palestinian elections

2006

War in Gaza

2008

British granted a mandate over Iraq

1919

Turkey became a republic with Ataturk as president

1923

Overthrow of Mossadeq's government in Iran

1953

Iraqi army overthrew the monarchy

1958

White Revolution in Iran

1963

Baathists seize power in Iraq

1968

Saddam Hussein became president of Iraq

1979

Iranian Revolution led by Ayatollah Khomeini

1979