Topic 7 - Atomic, Nuclear, and Particle Physics

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Definitions for Topic 7 - Atomic, Nuclear, and Particle Physics: 7.1 - Discrete energy and radioactivity 7.2 - Nuclear reactions 7.3 - The structure of matter

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12 Terms

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Energy level

Electrons can be in different orbits around the nucleus, these different orbits are called energy levels

Quantised

<p>Electrons can be in different orbits around the nucleus, these different orbits are called energy levels</p><p>Quantised</p>
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Radioactive decay

The process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy through radiation, the nucleus becomes more stable

Random and spontaneous

<p>The process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy through radiation, the nucleus becomes more stable</p><p>Random and spontaneous</p>
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(Atomic) nucleus

The small, dense region at the center of an atom

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Nucleon

A component of an atomic nucleus, so either a portion or a neutron

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Nuclide

A species of an atom with a specific number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

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Isotope

Same element with the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons

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Background count

Naturally occurring radioactive decay is measured by a counter

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Half-life

The time it takes for half of the parent nuclides in a sample to decay

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Unified atomic mass unit

One-twelfth of the rest mass of an unbound, neutral carbon-12 atom in its nuclear and electronic ground state

1.661*10^-27 kg

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Nuclear binding energy

The energy required to completely separate the nucleons of a nucleus

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Quark confinement

That quarks do not exist on their own.

Always found in groups, within hadrons (two or three quarks)

Three quarks -> baryon; a quark and an antiquark -> meson

Strong nuclear force

<p>That quarks do not exist on their own.</p><p>Always found in groups, within hadrons (two or three quarks)</p><p>Three quarks -&gt; baryon; a quark and an antiquark -&gt; meson</p><p>Strong nuclear force</p>
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Higgs boson

Predicted before it was observed, observed in 2012

Part of the Standard Model

Other particles gain mass by interacting with the Higgs field

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