HIST 105 Exam 4/final tamu Mcglone

Who caused the Mexican revolution

Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla

what year did Mexico win independence

1821

What granted Mexico independence from Spain

treaty of cordova

From 1821 to 1841 there were _______ rebellions over Mexico taking over California

10

rancheros

trusted people given a lot of land

in 1830, what was the Anglo population and what was the Mexican population?

Anglo- 20k
Mexican- 3k

how many times did the US try to buy Texas from Mexico

twice

By 1836, _______ settlers living in texas and settlers given ___ acres of land each

38k; 4k

mexican law of 1830

Mexican "Law of 1830" Outlawed immigration from USA.
• Offered free transportation for Mexican settlers. Banned slave imports.
• 1835 — Americans & slaves outnumbered Mexicans 10 to 1.

in 1835, americans and slaves outnumbered Mexicans ___ to ___

10 to 1

fall of 1835 uprising

30k Texans and volunteers vs Mexican nation of 7m

Who became the Mexican dictator in 1832 and during the fall of 1835 uprising?

General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

who encouraged the Texas Revolution/fall of 1835 uprising/battle of alamo? Why/how did he encourage the revolution?

Stephen F Austin; he was imprisoned and then Santa Anna released him, causing Austin to encourage revolution

Who long did Battle of Alamo last?

12 days

Where did the battle of alamo occur?

San Antonio

when and where was the republic of texas declared?

March 2 at Washington on the Brazos

Who led the Texian army in the revolution?

Sam Houston

How many were killed in the Battle of San Jacinto? How many surrendered?

630 Mexicans killed and 9 Texians died. 700 Mexicans surrendered

How long did the Texas Revolution last?

7 months

What treaty made the Republic of Texas ?

Treaty of Velasco

Who was the president in 1841 and what was his political party?

William Henry Harrison and he was a whig

What happened during the Harrison presidency?

Harrison died and John Tyler took over

Was John Tyler a whig?

no- he opposed the whig system

What was John Tyler's nickname?

His Accidency

Who was James polk running against and what were their politcal party's?

Polk ran against Henry clay
Polk was a democrat and Clay was a Whig

How many terms in office did Polk have? Why?

one; he thought he did all he could

Polk's goals in presidency

Four goals:
-Cut tariffs.
-Acquire an Independent Treasury (no national bank)
-Secure Oregon Territory
-Acquire California from Mexico.

What treaty did Polk sign while in office and what did it do?

• June 12th, 1846- Buchanan-Pakenham Treaty with Great Britain secured U.S. claim to Pacific NW south of 49th parallel.

Polk was the embodiment of ____________________ ___________________

manifest destiny

Why did Mexico cut ties with USA in 1845?

becuase Mexico thought they still owned Texas

What did Polk do to start the US Mexico war?

he tried to provoke Mexico so that he wouldn't have to fire the first shot

Who did Polk sent to Mexico

John Slidell

What happened with John Slidell in Mexico

Polk sent John Slidell to Mexico:
• Offered cancellation of Mexican debt from Mx Rev.
• Mexico officially recognizes new border.
• $30m to spend for California & New Mexico.


• Both President Jose Herrera and General Mariano Paredes refused to meet Slidell.
• Jan 13th, 1846 Polk sent General Zachary Taylor with 3500 troops to TX frontier (between Nueces & Rio Grande).
• April 25th MX cavalry killed 11 and captured 47 U.S. soldiers.

When did Congress declare war for Mexican American war?

May 13

Many Whigs opposed Polk's actions. true/false

true

How many whigs signed an amendment of opposition to the Mexican American war? was it passed?

67 whigs signed the amendment of opposition and it was not passed

who introduced "spot resolutions" and what was the political party? What did spot resolutions do?

-Whig Congressmen Abraham Lincoln introduced spot resolutions
-stressed uncertainty that blood was shed on US soil
-way to show Polk was the instigator

Treaty of Gaudelupe Hidalgo (1848)

-Mexico gave up all claims to TX north of Rio Grande.
-California, NM, & parts of Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, Utah & Wyoming acquired for $15m.
-Treaty added 525,000 square miles of land
- Highest casualty rate for any American war (110 out of every 1,000 died, mostly to disease)

How many Americans in California in 1854?

300k

compromise of 1850 debate/background

• Taylor wanted California and New Mexico admitted as free states.
• Taylor believed issue of slavery should be left to courts.
• Compromise needed because Southerners threatened secession
• Henry Clay sought a balance between N + S & proposed eight resolutions. President Taylor died on July 9th. Vice President Millard Fillmore open to proposals.
• Fiery debate lasted seven months.

Who was president in 1850?

Zachary Taylor was elected and then died on July 9th so his VP, Millard Filmore, became president

Zachary Taylor

Whig
Slave owner
War hero
Doesn't want divided country

comprosmise of 1850 (final solution)

• Compromise:
- 1) California admitted as free state.
• 2) TX-NM Act — NM a territory & TX boundary fixed. ($10m compensation
• 3) Utah Act— est. Utah Territory — slavery not mentioned.
• 4) Fugitive Slave Act — Fed. Gov + northern states to help return runways to South.
• 5) Public sale of slaves abolished in District of Columbia (practice of slavery still ok).

• Popular sovereignty would determine slavery in Utah & NM

When was the final solution of the compromise of 1850 agreed upon?

september 20th

In the compromise of 1850, who suggested voting on each resolution separately?

Senator Stephen Douglas (D) of illinois

What caused the end of the whig party?

Kansas Nebraska Act of 1854

Who agreed and who disagreed on Kansas Nebraska Act?

All Whigs in the North opposed slavery. Most whigs in the south agreed with slavery/ the act

What party did the northern whigs join?

Republicans

What party did the southern whigs join

democrats

What was the only national party for a little bit after the disagreement between Whigs over Kansas Kansas-Nebraska Act and slavery?

democrats

Kansas Nebraska Act

Bill mandated settlers of territory could decide issue of slavery in new state
. • Bill overturned Missouri Compromise latitude line.

Why did Senator Stephen Douglas want Nebraska?

he wanted it as a territory to help with his dream of a transcontinental railroad to benefit his Illinois constituents

Did the north or south not like that people were moving to Nebraska and Kansas?

south

Nebraska and Kansas were left to ______________________ _____________________________

popular sovereignty

Almost all _______ were against kansas nebraska act

whigs

Bleeding Kansas

- Pro & anti —Slavery settlers flooded territory. 1855 — Rival governments established.
- "Sack of Lawrence" by pro-slavery mob heightened tensions.
-White abolitionist John Brown and 4 sons attacked pro-slavery settlement of Pottawatomi killing 5.
-Guerilla war left at least 200 dead by end of 1856.

what kind of warfare was used in bleeding kansas?

guerilla

Bleeding summer

• Periodic scuffles in Senate culminated in South Carolina Congressman Preston Brooks assaulting Charles Sumner of Massachusetts.

who did the democrats choose in the 1856 election?

james buchanan

who did the republicans nominate for 1856 election?

John C Fremont

What did republicans want in 1856 election

abolition of slavery and internal improvements

In regard to the 1856 election, what did the democrats do?

they endorsed the kansas nebraska act, enforcement of Fugitive act and no congressional interference in slave states

Who was the first unmarried president?

James buchanan

who won election of 1856 and what were the electoral college votes?

Buchanan won with 174 votes and Fremont had 114. Fillmore (american party) had 8 votes

who was suspected to be the first gay president?

buchanan

what was Buchanan's nickname and why

dough face because he wanted to please everyone

Background of Dred Scott v Sanford

-Scott's owners travelled and he went to several free states
-The male owner died and scott did not want to stay with the wife

Dred Scott v. Stanford decision

• Supreme Court 7-2 decision said Scott was, as a slave, not a citizen, therefore could not petition court for freedom.
• Chief Justice Roger Taney said "no black, free or slave, could claim U.S. citizenship.
• Six justices disagreed on the status of free blacks.

Was Lincoln an abolitionist?

yes

john brown

-hero for the abolitionist movement
-tries to start slave uprising in 1859 with 20 followers but very few slaves joined his cause and his plan failed

in the 1860 election, who did the northern democrats choose and who do the southern democrats choose?

northern dems- Stephen Douglas
southern dems- John c Breckenridge

Did the southern democrats like Douglas' idea of popular sovereignty?

no

Political party formed by the border states in the 1860 election?

Constitutional Union Party

In the 1860 presidential election, who was selected as the candidate for the constitutional union party

John Bell

In 1860, border states hoped for _________________

moderation

in the 1860 election, republicans won all free states and zero slave states. True/false

true

Ordiance of Secession

-passed in 1860 in south carolina, making the state an independent common wealth

What did buchanan say in response to south carolina seceding?

he said it was illegal but claimed no constitutional authority to compel SC to rejoin

What was the final thing that made south carolina secede?

lincolns election

Last Gasp Compromise

• Dec 18th 1860 - Senator John C. Crittenden proposed slavery be permitted in South beneath Miss. Compromise line + guarantee slavery where it existed
.• Lincoln opposed and so did Senate 25-23
• Feb 1861 - 21 states sent delegates to Washington D.C. for a peace conference but its proposals failed too.

causes of the civil war

-Strong abolitionist movement.
-Uncle Tom's Cabin. Underground Railroad.
-Harper's Ferry.
-Abraham Lincoln's election.
-South Carolina claims possession of all federal property including Fort Sumter.
- SLAVERY IS THE PRIMARY REASON

what heralds the beginning of the civil war

the attack on fort sumnter on april 9th 1861

Jefferson Davis

President of the Confederate States of America

At the time of the civil war, how many union states were there and how many confederate states were there

union-23 states
confederacy- 11 states

what generals were involved in the battle of bull run and were they unionists or confederates

-Brigadier General Irvin McDowell vs general Beauregard
-McDowell was a unionists and Beauregard was a confederate

Federals

Union soldiers

rebels

Confederate soldiers

What was the first major land battle of the civil war

battle of bull run

General thomas jackson was also known as

stonewall Jackson

General Thomas Jackson was a

rebel

who broke union lines in the battle of bull run

General Thomas Jackson

what mistake did lincoln make in the battle of bull run

soldier's were ill trained and didn't have cohesive uniforms

who was the first union commander

general winfield scott

What was the three pronged union anaconda plan

Three-pronged strategy:
-The Union Main Union army defend Washington D.C. & pressure Richmond, Virginia (Confederate Capital).
- Southern naval blockade.
-Divide Confederacy using inland water routes.

How many americans lose life in civil war

750k

Confederate Strategy

- President Jefferson Davis wished for a prolonged war (primarily defensive).
-Disruption to cotton production could influence British & French intervention.
-Hoped Northerners would grow weary.

why did confederates want a long war

they wanted to give time for french to intervene

French would only recognize existence of confederate america if...

British recognized them as well

Lincoln called for _____k volunteers to join the army

500k

when did federal armies begin to draft

1863