Chemistry 110 - Chapter 7 Review Flashcards

Flashcards for key vocabulary and concepts in Chemistry 110, Chapter 7.

Molar mass (Mwt)

The mass of one mole of a substance, usually expressed in grams per mole (g/mol).

Avogadro's number (NA)

The number of entities (atoms, molecules, etc.) in one mole of a substance, approximately 6.022 x 10^23.

Molar mass (Mwt)

The mass of one mole of a substance, usually expressed in grams per mole (g/mol).

Avogadro's number (NA)

The number of entities (atoms, molecules, etc.) in one mole of a substance, approximately 6.022 x 10^23.

Molecular mass

The mass of a molecule, calculated as the sum of the atomic masses of all atoms in the molecule.

Stoichiometry

The part of chemistry that deals with the quantities and relationships of reactants and products in chemical reactions.

Conservation of mass

The principle stating that matter is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.

Exothermic reaction

A chemical reaction that releases heat, resulting in products that have lower energy than the reactants.

Endothermic reaction

A chemical reaction that absorbs heat, resulting in products that have higher energy than the reactants.

Oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions

Chemical reactions that involve the transfer of electrons between substances, where oxidation refers to the loss of electrons and reduction refers to the gain.

Cation

A positively charged ion that is formed when an atom loses one or more electrons.

Anion

A negatively charged ion that is formed when an atom gains one or more electrons.

Activation energy

The minimum amount of energy required for reactants to start a chemical reaction.

Catalyst

A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process.

Molarity (M)

A measure of concentration representing the number of moles of solute per liter of solution (mol/L).

Limiting reactant

The reactant that is completely consumed in a chemical reaction, limiting the amount of products formed.

Chemical equation

A symbolic representation of a chemical reaction, showing the reactants and products along with their quantities.

Balancing equations

The process of ensuring that the same number of each type of atom appears on both sides of a chemical equation.

Empirical formula

A formula that shows the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in a compound.

Molecular formula

A formula that shows the actual number and types of atoms in a molecule.

Hydrated salt

A compound that contains water molecules within its crystal structure.

Combustion reaction

A chemical reaction that involves the rapid combination of a substance with oxygen to produce heat and light, resulting in products such as carbon dioxide and water.