Maternity Nursing Review

Flashcards covering antepartum care, pregnancy complications, labor, postpartum care, infant care, medications, STDs, stages of labor, hormones, contraceptives, and fetal complications.

Leukorrhea

A common discomfort of pregnancy that is an abundant amount of vaginal mucus that may occur throughout pregnancy.

Urine ketones

Indicates the body is not using carbohydrates from food as fuel and is inadequately trying to break down the fat.

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

Autoimmune response that results in a decreased platelet count (thin blood).

Oligohydraminos

A condition that occurs when there is a renal system dysfunction or obstructive uropathy; or the absence of fetal kidneys will cause this condition.

Polyhydramnios

Condition referring to the presence of excessive amniotic fluid; often caused by a fetus gastrointestinal anomaly or neurological disorders.

Ectopic pregnancy

A pregnancy in which the fertilized egg implants outside the uterus; cannot survive no matter what.

Methotrexate

A medication that is contraindicated during pregnancy.

Preeclampsia

A pregnancy complication characterized by swollen face, high blood pressure, hyperreflexia, and elevated uric acid and urine protein.

HELLP

A severe hypertensive condition in pregnancy with hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets, leading to unexpected bleeding.

Pelvic inflammatory disease

Infection in the pelvis caused by gonorrhea or trachomatis; repeated instances can cause infertility; treated with Doxycycline and Ceftriaxone.

Braxton Hicks contractions

False contractions or practice contractions; decrease in intensity with ambulation; no dilation of cervix.

Placenta previa

Condition that occurs when the placenta implants on the lower part of the uterus and obstructs the cervical os.

Placental abruption

A life threatening condition that occurs when the placenta separates from the inner wall of the uterus before birth, depriving the baby of oxygen and nutrients.

Mastitis

Condition characterized by fever, ache, chills, headache, erythema, swelling and inflammation of the breast.

Nonstress test

A test that monitors fetal heart rate as the baby moves or with the contractions; done after 26 weeks.

BPP (Biophysical Profile)

A test done with amniocentesis; delivery considered when score is 6 or lower obtained at or after 36 weeks of gestation or with a score of 4 or lower at any gestational age.

Trichomoniasis

A condition caused by a vaginal parasite, resulting in a greenish, frothy, mucopurulent, copious discharge with an unpleasant odor; treated with Metronidazole.

Hydatidiform mole

A rare mass or growth that forms inside the womb at the beginning of the pregnancy; results from abnormal fertilization of the egg and does not develop into a baby.

Precipitous delivery

Rapid labor referring to childbirth that occurs within a very short time frame after regular contractions start; less than 3 hours.

Cord prolapse

Condition that happens the umbilical cord precedes the fetal presenting part; risk factors include abnormally long cord, breech or shoulder presentation, polyhydramnios, a small fetus, or an unengaged presenting part.

Dinoprostone

Agent used for cervical ripening prior to administering oxytocin.

Uterine atony

The uterus doesn't properly contract after birth; increases the risk for hemorrhage.

Lochia

Discharge after birth comprising the inner lining of the uterus; should be lighter in color and amount each postpartum day.

Lochia rubra

Bright red flow 3-4 days postpartum; result of pseudomenstruation.

Lochia serosa

Pink brown discharge 4-10 days postpartum.

Lochia alba

Cream color no odor discharge 10-28 days postpartum.

Oxytocin

Muscle contractions that push milk out of the alveoli and through the milk ducts.

Calendar rhythm method

Having sex only outside of fertile range; determined by subtracting 18 days from the shortest menstrual cycle and 11 days from longest menstrual cycle.

Use of COC (combined oral Contraceptive)

S/S: Regular menstrual cycles should occur during the last 7 days, chest pain shortness of breath leg pain dvt headache vision change stroke and hypertension

Over oxygenation in fetus

Can cause retinopathy especially in preterm newborns; disorder of the retinal blood vessel development in preemies.

Mcroberts maneuver

Helping the client flex her knees apart which rotates the pubic bone anteriorly.

Ferguson reflex

Occurs when the presenting part of the fetus reaches the pelvic floor, creating a spontaneous urge to push during labor.

Methylergonovine

A medication used to stimulate uterine contractions.

Betamethasone

Corticosteroid used to accelerate fetal lung development and prevent respiratory depression.

Gonorrhea

This STD may present as Purulent endocervical discharge, lower abdominal pain, greenish discharge, pain on urination, Absence of condom use

Candidiasis

S/S: Report to public health department, pain on urination, Diabetes risk factor, high glucose levels

HIV

S/S: Report to local health department, take medication throughout during pregnancy, DO NOT Breast feed

True labor

Signs of labor, Lower back pain that moves to lower abdomen & cervical change with dilation and effacement

Early or latent labor phase

Signs of labor contractions Every 5-10 sometimes 30 min short duration, 0-3 cm dilated & 0-30% effaced.

Active labor phase

Signs of labor contractions 3-5 min apart, 1 minute long water may break during this phase, water birth or epidrual may be used &Client is irritable

Transition labor phase

Signs of labor, Vomiting and pooping during this stage, cervix dilates 8 - 10 & Perfect 10!! Cervix is fully effaced and contractions are strongest and closest together

100% effaced and 10cm dilated Increase in contractions and the urge to poop since it’s the same pelvic muscles being used(Ferguson reflex)

What is the 2nd stage of labor

Stage three placenta delivery

Placenta must be carefully delivered, never pull this leads to a high risk for tearing the placenta and leaving behind parts. It will take Longer for placenta delivery higher risk for hemorrhage

Stage 4 Recovery period

In what stage of labor does the mother get urinary retention, risk for Blood loss and infection (temperature over 100.4 report), peri pads fully saturated in less than one hour report and Assess the fundus