Ch 19 nutrition

Nutrition

All processes involved in taking in nutrients and using them to maintain body tissue and provide energy.

Role of Nurse in Nutrition

Assist with eating, record intake, observe/report signs of poor nutrition, and communicate with the healthcare team.

Diet Planning Guides

Tools that promote optimal nutrition and reduce chronic disease risk; includes MyPlate, Dietary Guidelines for Americans, and DRIs.

Essential Nutrients

Nutrients the body cannot make in sufficient amounts; includes carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water.

Energy-Proving Nutrients

Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins provide the body with energy.

Main Function of Carbohydrates

Provide energy.

Types of Carbohydrates

Simple carbohydrates and complex carbohydrates (including fiber).

Role of Fats

Provide energy, support cell function, and aid in nutrient absorption.

Types of Fats

Saturated, unsaturated, trans-fatty acids, and cholesterol.

Function of Proteins

Support growth, repair, wound healing, and form body structures like blood and bone.

Complete Proteins

Contain all essential amino acids (e.g., meat, dairy, eggs).

Incomplete Proteins

Lack one or more essential amino acids (e.g., legumes, grains).

Dietary Fiber Function

Helps lower cholesterol and blood glucose; aids in weight loss.

Types of Dietary Fiber

Soluble fiber and insoluble fiber.

Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Vitamins A, D, E, and K.

Water-Soluble Vitamins

B-complex vitamins and vitamin C.

Key Minerals

Calcium, sodium, potassium, iron, and chromium.

Most Vital Nutrient

Water.

Life Cycle Nutrition Stages

Pregnancy/lactation, infancy, childhood, adolescence, and adulthood.

Nutrient-Drug Interactions

Drugs and nutrients can affect each other's absorption, metabolism, and excretion.

Medical Nutrition Therapy

Use of specific nutritional strategies to manage health conditions.

Therapeutic Diet

Modified diet used as part of medical treatment.

High-Calorie & High-Protein Diets

Used during stress or illness to promote healing with small, nutrient-dense meals.

Obesity

Excessive adipose tissue; evaluated using BMI and body composition.

Weight Management

Requires reducing energy intake and improving diet and exercise habits.

Type 1 Diabetes

Lack of insulin production; managed with diet and insulin.

Type 2 Diabetes

Insulin resistance; managed with diet, exercise, and sometimes medication.

Goals of Diabetes Diet

Control blood glucose and lipid levels; prevent complications.

Low-Fat Diet

Used to manage heart disease; limits total, saturated, and trans fats.

Fat-Controlled Diet

Limits all fats; used for fat-malabsorption disorders.

Protein-Restricted Diet

Used in conditions like kidney disease to reduce protein intake.

Sodium-Restricted Diet

Used to manage hypertension and heart failure.

Potassium-Modified Diet

Used in kidney disease to regulate potassium levels.

Fluid-Modified Diet

Used when fluid intake must be restricted (e.g., heart or kidney failure).

Tube Feeding

Method of delivering nutrition via tube to stomach or intestines (NG tube or ostomy).

Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)

Nutrients given intravenously when GI tract cannot be used.