Feedlot MNGMT Exam 2 (lec 6-11, lab 3-5)

low risk

pre conditioned, heavier, vaccinated, feed exposure

medium risk (high risk unexposed)

no preconditioning, fresh auction

high risk (high risk exposed)

auction with unknown history, bulls, lighter weight, sick at arrival

stress response involves

nervous system and HPA axis

primary chemical mediators of stress are

cortisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine

during marketing/receiving cattle experience stress

transient endocrine response, changes in metabolic function, appetite change, immune system activates

immunity

protection form an infection or disease

immune system

complex biological system that can recognize what belongs to self v what is foreign; made up of cells and molecules responsible for immune protecting from antigens

antigen

foreign molecule capable of stimulating immune response

pathogen

foreign molecule capable of stimulating an immune response and inducing disease

infection

occurs when pathogen invades and establishes within a host

inflammation

coordinated response to tissue injury/infection with an antigen that allows immune cells to reach a localized area

acute stress

occurs for 24 hours or less

chronic stress

occurs for greater than 24 hours

what is the most significant health problem facing the cattle industry?

morbidity and mortality from BRD

morbidity

when an animal become clinically ill

issues with morbidity

increase costs due to medicine and labor, suppresses performance and carcass quality

mortality

death

3 components of animal health management

prevention, control, treatment

prevention

vaccinations/preconditioning

control

metaphylaxis (mass treatment), feed-grade antibiotics

treatment

treatment to diagnosed illness

epidemiolgic triad

host - pathogens - environment
all interact

diptheria

hard breather, infection/inflammation of vocal chords, opportunistic bacteria invade

honker syndrome

tracheal edema, deeper tone

foot rot

bacterial, lameness

hairy heel wart

bacterial, highly contagious, heel lesions, wet conditions/poor sanitation increase occurence

pink eye

inflammation of cornea/conjunctiva of eye, highly contagious, reduced vision/blindness

coccidiosis

intestinal disease cause by coccidian (parasite), diarrhea/blood feces

liver flukes

snail host, colder wet areas, liver condemnation

brainers

name for cattle exhibiting neurological disorders, multiple causes

water belly

urinary calculi, related to Ca:P ratio

prolapses

rectal, vaginal, uterine

Acute/Atypical Interstitial Pneumonia (AIP)

sudden onset of respiratory distress, often ends w death, common in fat cattle

euthanasia means

good death

euthanasia reasons

severe trauma, suffering, down for >24 hours, no further treatment options, unknown treatment, zoonotic

primary euthanasia methods

gun shot, captive bolt, injectable

least common primary euthanasia methods

injectable solutions / barbiturate overdose

secondary euthanasia methds

exsanguination, pithing, second shot

confirmation of death

cardiac arrest, breathing stops, lack of corneal reflex

reducing _____ during handling will increase productivity and decrease the chance for ____ to both cattle and workers

stress, injury

what will help workers to work cattle more efficiently?

basic understanding of cattle behavior

grazing animals have what kind of vision?

wide-angled

limited _____ ______ allows them to startle easily

depth perception

handlers should move ____ and deliberate

slowly

cattle will not enter an area that is too what?

dark

cattle are more sensitive than humans to ______ ______ sounds

high-frequency

cattle equipment should be built to minimize ____, avoid _____

noise, yelling

be aware of animals _____ _____ during handling

flight zone

safety zone depends on ______

tameness

within flight zone the animal _____ ____, outside of flight zone animal _____ ____

turns away, watches you

point of balance

behind animals move forward, in front animals move backward

move past the point of balance in what direction to get the cattle to move the direction desired?

opposite

important to avoid bad experiences during handling so cattle become

trained to handling

avoid _____ of processing equipment

overcrowding

minimize use of _____ ____

electric prods

chute can be hydraulic or manual, which is more common?

hydraulic, in fast paced

flooring should

limit injury and slipping, not cause balking

tub and snake

tub catches animals, alley is in snake formation
older

bud box

designed because animals want to go back to where they came from, double chutes and minimizes man power
newer

feed production is the _____ of the feedlot

heart

set up and capability of the feed production system dictates

how many and what types of diets can be fed

types of milling operations?

batch feed mill, continuous flow feed mill, truck mounted mixer

most common type of feed mixing system?

truck mounted mixer

most commonly seen mixer in dairy

vertical

most common mixer in feedlots

horizontal

best feed mixer?

ribbon

storage system may dictate the ____ and ____ of feed ordered

amount, type

feedlots using batch systems use a combo of flat storage and

feed bins

batch systems and truck mounted mixers can use

commodity boxes

feedlots that use truck mounted mixers have what kind of storage?

flat storage

commodity boxes prevent

clogging and spoilage from running through feed bins

commodity boxes can be used for both wet and dry feeds

true

quality control of feed ingredients ensure

quality feed, nutrient content, accurate mixing

what can ensure quality ingredients?

early inspection

when inspecting quality look at

color, odor, texture, foreign objects, moisture/temp/spoilage

set up commodity shipments so theres time to

visually inspect, proper unloading, correct storage

______ feed samples can help increase accuracy of analysis

composting

when sampling mixed diets

take multiple, quartering method, mix evenly

proper feed inventory allows for

loss monitoring

when is it time to order more feed?

loss in DM, pencil loss % when ordering (~5%), weather

DART

Depression, Appetite, Respiration, Temperature

depression

head/ears down, listless, dull eyes ,dirty nose, short stride/dragging feet

appetite

flat sided, sunken sides, appetite changes, pot belly, doesn't come up to feed bunk

respiration

rate changes, weak/breathy/coughing

temperature

>104, consider external weather conditions

ID of sick cattle

relies on pen riders, considered an art, experience, improves w familiarity, cattle hide illness, ID at feeding