HST101: Western Civ I Final Exam MC

Egypt was a rich agricultural region because of which of the following?

a. the blessings of their gods

b. the annual flooding of the Nile

c. the unique farming practices of the Egyptians

d. abundant rainfall

e. primitive forms of artificial irrigation

b. the annual flooding of the Nile

_____ founded the Society of Jesus, or Jesuit Order.

a. Pope Pius V

b. Ignatius Loyola

c. Teresa of Avila

d. Francis Xavier

e. Thomas More

b. Ignatius Loyola

Sargon of Akkad is significant because he...

a. was the first lugal to conquer neighboring city states

b. subdued Sumer and exerted influence from Ethiopia to India

c. introduced a common law code across his empire

d. built observatories and introduced the more accurate Akkadian calendar

e. was the first ruler in history to take the title of "emperor"

b. subdued Sumer and exerted influence from Ethiopia to India

Another tragic outcome of the Black Death was the...

a. extinction of numerous animal species

b. closing of churches and other religious institutions

c. persecution of women

d. expansion of slavery

e. persecution of Jews

e. persecution of Jews

One factor that contributed to the increase in agricultural output in the medieval period was...

a. the development of the seeder plow, which was paired with the use f manure for fertilizer

b. increased rainfall, which resulted in a shift to higher-yield crops

c. a slight cooling of the average temperature, which caused a shift to higher yield crops

d. a rise in average temperature, which allowed for a longer growing season

e. diminished rainfall, which allowed for more time to work the fields

d. a rise in average temperature, which allowed for a longer growing season

Aristotle was critical of the type of government that today would be viewed as democracy, which he referred to as...

a. mob rule

b. oligarchy

c. lesser rule

d. anarchy

e. idiot rule

mob rule

The Neo-Assyrian ruler Assurbanipal is best known for...

a. transforming the army into a professional, permanent fighting force

b. promoting the worship of Aten within the empire rather than the traditional worship of Assur

c. establishing a library at Nineveh, where the great literary works of Mesopotamia were stored and copied

d. conquering Israel and forcing Judah to pay tribute

e. an unprecedented use of violence and terror in securing his empire

c. establishing a library at Nineveh, where the great literary works of Mesopotamia were stored and copied.

The most stable of Alexander's successor states was...

a. Macedonia

b. Persia

c. Galatia

d. Egypt

e. Anatolia

d. Egypt

The writings of ____ provide us with much of what we know about Jesus.

Paul

The Egyptians made notable advances in...

a. mathematics

b. metalworking

c. measuring time

d. science

e. philosophy

c. measuring time

Aristotle argued that good conduct is, therefore, rational conduct and consists in...

a. acting moderately

b. separating the mind from the body and its pursuits

c. involving all people in the political life of the polis

d. living a contemplative life in seclusion

e. respecting the will of each individual

a. acting moderately

The invention of the printing press in Europe increased the volume and rapidity of communication, thereby...

a. making it more difficult to censor problematic or dissenting opinions

b. encouraging greater levels of censorship

c. creating the circumstances for the invention of broadsheets in the fifteenth century

d. making books even more precious than they had been in the Middle Ages

e. increasing the cost of books

a. making it more difficult to censor problematic or dissenting opinions

Most local lords in the early Middle Ages collected rents from their peasants in the form of...

a.food and labor.

b.jewels and gems.

c.standardized silver coins minted by a local lord.

d.standardized gold coins minted by the king.

e.letters of credit.

a. food and labor

In the years of the early republic, ______ best represented the ideal of the citizen-farmer.

b. Cincinnatus

Historians agree that the most important contribution of the Phoenicians to the ancient world was their...

a.currency.

b.alphabet.

c.paper making ability.

d.religion.

e.hunting and fishing ability.

b. alphabet

Ambrose argued that the Roman emperor was...

a.within the Church, not above it.

b.a defender of the Church.

c.above the Church, not a part of it.

d.an enemy of the Church.

e.outside the Church, not within it.

a. within the Church, not above it

The switch from subsistence through food gathering to food production...

a.meant that women were no longer part of the labor force.

b.required people to give up their faith in traditional gods.

c.required seasonal movement, allowing for summer and winter settlements.

d.resulted in the development of settlements.

e.prohibited raising domestic animals as livestock.

d. resulted in the development of settlements

The English Peasants' Revolt, like other popular uprisings of the fourteenth century, had its fundamental origins in...

a.the king's decision to convert all freedmen to the status of serfs in 1361.

b.the English peasants' desire to be a part of the English parliamentary process.

c.a series of taxes levied to support the English war with Norway.

d.the economic, social, and political consequences of the Black Death.

e.the repression of the peasants by the nobility in the 1370s.

d. the economic, social, and political consequences of the Black Death

Ptolemaic Egypt made numerous advances in medicine, including the...

a. mandatory service of highly skilled surgeons in the Pharaoh's court.

b.prohibition of other fields of study.

c.establishment of a medical school in Luxor by Alexander.

d.performance of autopsies, which gave them an understanding of human anatomy.

e.training of teachers of science among the priestly class.

d. performance of autopsies, which gave them an understanding of human anatomy

Alexander emulated ________ in his policy of offering mercy to cities that surrendered to him but dealing mercilessly with those that resisted him.

d. Cyrus the Great

Socrates' most important follower was...

e. Plato

The writing of the Magna Carta was prompted when John....

a.attempted to raise taxes.

b.planned to invade France.

c.attempted to abdicate.

d.began seizing the land of commoners.

e.attempted to abolish the Catholic Church.

a. attempted to raise taxes

The Franciscans...

a.were dedicated to the prosecution of heretics and the conversion of Jews and Muslims.

b.accepted both men and women into their ranks after Clare ofAssisi applied to join their order.

c.were committed to the welfare of the poor and public preaching.

d.were a religious order committed to doctrine and discipline within the walls of their monasteries.

e.believed that everyone should be able to read and interpret the Bible for themselves.

c. were committed to the welfare of the poor and public preaching.

In Egypt, Alexander...

a.met his queen, Roxane, whom he married to cement an alliance with Egypt.

b.faced a mutiny among his men who called on him to return home to Macedon.

c.was welcomed as a liberator and named a pharaoh.

d.became known as the "Sacker of Cities" for the destruction he visited on the Nile Valley region.

e.fought a long and costly campaign to dislodge Egyptians loyal to the Persian Empire.

c. was welcomed as a liberator and named a pharaoh

Luther's doctrine of the "priesthood of all believers" argued that...

a.Church teachings and Scripture were unimportant in the formulation of doctrine.

b.whatever the majority of Christians believed should become Church doctrine.

c.Christianity could be all things to all people.

d.all Christians were spiritually equal before God.

e.all Christians should be ordained as priests, thus truly creating a unitary Body of Christ.

d. all Christians were spiritually equal before God

The Greeks became literate again during the ninth century BCE by adopting...

a.the Hebrew alphabet.

b.the Etruscan alphabet.

c.the Phoenician alphabet.

d.Egyptian hieroglyphics.

e.cuneiform script from the Assyrians.

c. the Phoenician alphabet

Revolts in Judea in the first and second century CE resulted in

the destruction of the Temple at Jerusalem

The goal of the humanist education system was to...

a.produce able merchants.

b.train bureaucrats.

c.train people to lead a private, contemplative life.

d.produce individuals who were suited to the priesthood.

e.produce virtuous citizens and able public officials.

e. produce virtuous citizens and able public officials

The hub of the Hellenistic world was...

a. Alexandria

The importance of guest friendships in ancient Greece was illustrated in the writings of...

Homer

King David's rule was significant in establishing

e. a unified Israelite people with a new national capital at Jerusalem.

One lasting legacy of Gregory the Great's influence on Christian worship was...

a.developing a system for choosing which scriptures should be used on which days.

b.promotion of the idea of a homily or sermon as a part of the religious service.

c.the use of Latin during Mass.

d.encouraging the use of music.

e.defining the sacraments.

d. encouraging the use of music

Egyptian papyrus...

a.was seen as the property of the gods and could only be produced in religious temples.

b.was imported from Nubia and sub-Saharan Africa for use within the kingdom.

c.was very durable, so as a result, we have a great quantity of it today.

d.was made from recycled cotton rags that had been worn out from long use.

e.was lighter, easier to write on, and more transportable than Sumerian clay tablets.

e. was lighter, easier to write on, and more transportable than Sumerian clay tablets.

Unlike other rulers, Cyrus of Persia...

a.took the Hebrew people into captivity in his capital city.

b.granted conquered peoples self-determination regarding cultural and religious practices.

c.introduced metallic coinage in Asia Minor.

d.lost a great empire to the barbarian tribes of Central Asia.

e.granted self-rule to conquered peoples who accepted the Persian religion.

b. granted conquered peoples self-determination regarding cultural and religious practices

Beginning in the ninth century, individual farmers began to merge their lang holdings into _____, where they could work fields collectively while dwelling in a village.

a.hamlets

b.districts

c.manors

d.shires

e.guilds

c. manors

Alexander the Great is a difficult figure for historians to evaluate because...

a.so many legends grew up around him during his lifetime

b.nothing was written about him during his lifetime.

c.his military victories are so well known

.d.he did not actually accompany his armies on their far-flung campaigns.

e.he died young and without a clear heir.

a. so many legends grew up around him during his lifetime

The informal school called the Academy was founded by...

a. Plato

After Julius Caesar's death, Gaius Octavius (Octavian) consolidated his power by...

a.fighting his rivals and killing his republican opponents.

b.forcing the Senate to publicly declare its fealty to him.

c.marrying Cleopatra and bringing Egypt into the Roman Republic.

d.using the navy to reassert control over the Mediterranean.

e.destroying Caesar's public image and replacing it with his own.

a. fighting his rivals and killing his republican opponents

The Egyptians developed elaborate tombs and burial techniques...

a.to preserve their sacred cats in the harsh desert climate.

b.to demonstrate their great respect for their ancestors.

c.following the example of the Hebrews and other nomadic people.

d.to provide habitation and sustenance in the afterlife.

e.because they believed deceased people would be reincarnated as animals.

d. to provide habitation and sustenance in the afterlife

Following the death of Hatshepsut,

a.she was proclaimed to be Egypt's greatest ruler.

b.the greatest pyramids were constructed.

c.Egyptian society entered along period of decline.

d.her mortuary temple was eventually destroyed.

e.attempts were made to erase her legacy.

e. attempts were made to erase her legacy

By 3100 BCE, Sumerian scribes were trained to write in a script known as...

a. cuneiform

Pax Romana refers to the...

a.Romans' success in keeping order around the Persian Gulf.

b.long period in which there were no major wars within the Roman Empire.

c.efficient Roman post office and package transport services.

d.ironic term "peace of the dead," which was secured by Roman massacres of the Britons and the Jews.

e.peace brought to the Roman Empire with the coming of Christianity.

b. long period in which there were no major wars within the Roman Empire

According to the Islamic faith, the only way to achieve salvation is to...

a.worship Muhammad.

b.worship Jesus.

c.observe the Five Pillars of Islam.

d.observe the Ten Commandments.

e.respect the prophets of the Jewish, Christian, and Islamic faiths.

c. observe the Five Pillars of Islam

The Council of Nicea....

a.was called in defiance of Emperor Constantine's wishes.

b.declared that the bishop of Rome was to be the head of the Catholic Church.

c.established Arianism as an official teaching of the Church.

d.was called by Emperor Constantine to help establish the orthodoxy of the Church.

e.officially separated the western and eastern churches.

d. was called by Emperor Constantine to help establish the orthodoxy of the Church

Sparta...

a. devoted itself to the arts and the preservation of the culture of the past.

b.relied on its navy for self-defense.

c.was devoted to the idea of perpetual warfare with less emphasis on personal freedoms.

d.depended on the enslaved labor of helots.

e.required all citizens to do manual labor in order to preserve equality among them.

d. depended on the enslaved labor of helots

The Qur'an contains...

a.multiple accounts of Muhammad's life from the perspective of several of his disciples.

b.the sole guide for behavior for converts to Islam.

c.a history of the world that includes a discussion of which Hebrew scriptures should be followed and which ignored.

d.a record of the revelations God gave to Muhammad.

e.a detailed plan for the expansion of Islam after Muhammad's death.

d. a record of the revelations God gave to Muhammad

According to historical interpretations, Jesus died by crucifixion...

d. which was the standard criminal penalty for non-Romans who were found guilty of sedition

The travels of ______ through Asia, India, and the Spice Islands, as written in his account the Description of the World, influenced how many imagined the lands beyond Europe.

a.Christopher Columbus

b.Marco Polo

c.William of Ockham

d.Leif Erickson

e.John de Mandeville

b. Marco Polo

The goal of the military and political policies of Philip II was to...

a. conquer Athens

b. conquer the southern Balkan

c. create an Adriatic Empire

d. conquer Europe

e. invade Persia

invade Persia

King ________ was able to unify England in great part because of his success in defending his lands from Vikings.

a.Alfred

b.Bede

c.Thomas

d.Arthur

e.Charles

a. Alfred

The Islamic faith originated in...

a.Palestine.

b.Arabia.

c.Iraq.

d.Mecca.

e.Egypt.

d. Mecca