Full-Stack / Frameworks / Infrastructure

Angular

Google’s front-end framework for building single-page applications with a strong opinionated structure; good for enterprise-scale apps but heavier learning curve.

React

Facebook’s front-end library for building UI components; flexible, fast, and widely used but requires integrating libraries for routing/state management.

Vue.js

Lightweight progressive framework for building UIs; simpler than React or Angular but with smaller ecosystem.

Svelte

Compiler that converts declarative components into efficient vanilla JS; extremely fast but newer ecosystem.

Next.js

React-based framework for server-side rendering and static site generation; ideal for SEO and hybrid apps.

Nuxt.js

Vue-based framework offering SSR and static site generation similar to Next.js.

Remix

Modern React framework focusing on server-side rendering and nested routing; fast and developer-friendly.

Astro

Front-end framework for building fast content-focused sites with minimal JavaScript shipped.

Tailwind CSS

Utility-first CSS framework enabling rapid UI development with small, composable classes.

Bootstrap

Classic CSS and JS framework for responsive layouts; widely used but can feel heavy/outdated.

Material UI

React component library implementing Google’s Material Design; speeds up prototyping.

Chakra UI

Modern React component library with accessibility built-in and simple styling props.

Node.js

JavaScript runtime enabling server-side execution; great for real-time apps but single-threaded (uses event loop).

Express.js

Minimal Node.js web framework for building APIs and web servers quickly.

Fastify

High-performance Node.js framework focusing on speed and low overhead.

NestJS

TypeScript Node.js framework inspired by Angular architecture; good for large scalable backends.

Koa.js

Lightweight Node.js framework created by Express authors using async/await.

Deno

Secure JavaScript/TypeScript runtime from Node’s creator with modern features and permissions system.

Python Django

High-level Python web framework with ORM, admin panel, and batteries-included philosophy.

Django REST Framework (DRF)

Django add-on simplifying API development with serializers and viewsets.

Flask

Lightweight Python web framework, good for small APIs and flexible setups.

FastAPI

Modern Python API framework using async and type hints for blazing-fast performance.

Pyramid

Flexible Python web framework balancing minimalism with powerful features.

Ruby on Rails

Opinionated Ruby framework with “convention over configuration”; great productivity but heavier runtime.

Sinatra

Minimal Ruby framework for simple APIs/web apps.

Spring Boot

Java framework for building production-ready backends with minimal boilerplate.

Micronaut

Modern JVM-based microservice framework (Java/Kotlin/Groovy) with fast startup and low memory footprint.

Quarkus

Kubernetes-native Java framework optimized for containers and fast startup.

Vert.x

Event-driven, reactive toolkit on the JVM for building high-performance apps.

ASP.NET Core

Microsoft’s cross-platform framework for building web APIs and MVC apps in C#.

Blazor

Framework for building interactive UIs in C# running in the browser via WebAssembly.

Laravel

PHP framework with expressive syntax, ORM, and scaffolding tools; good for quick apps but heavier than microframeworks.

Symfony

Modular PHP framework powering many enterprise-level apps.

Phoenix

Elixir framework built on the Erlang VM with real-time channels and fault-tolerance.

Fiber (Go)

Express-inspired web framework for Go with high performance.

Gin (Go)

Popular, fast HTTP web framework for Go.

Echo (Go)

High performance, extensible Go web framework with middleware support.

Revel (Go)

Full-stack Go framework with hot code reloading.

Actix Web (Rust)

Fast, pragmatic web framework built on Rust’s powerful async ecosystem.

Rocket (Rust)

Safe and intuitive Rust web framework focusing on ease of use.

Warp (Rust)

Composable, async Rust web framework emphasizing safety and speed.

Play Framework (Scala)

Reactive Scala/Java framework for scalable web apps.

Akka HTTP

Toolkit for building reactive HTTP apps with the Akka actor model in Scala.

Meteor

JavaScript full-stack framework with integrated build system and real-time updates.

AdonisJS

Node.js MVC framework inspired by Laravel with built-in ORM.

Serverless Framework

Toolkit for deploying serverless applications to cloud providers.

AWS Lambda

AWS service for running code without managing servers, billed per execution.

Google Cloud Functions

Google’s equivalent to AWS Lambda; serverless compute platform.

Azure Functions

Microsoft’s serverless compute service integrated with Azure ecosystem.

GraphQL

Query language and runtime for APIs providing flexible, efficient data retrieval.

Apollo Server

Popular GraphQL server implementation for Node.js.

Relay

React library integrating GraphQL queries deeply into components.

REST

Architectural style for APIs using HTTP verbs and stateless interactions.

gRPC

High-performance RPC framework using HTTP/2 and Protocol Buffers; ideal for microservices.

WebSockets

Full-duplex communication channel over a single TCP connection; great for real-time apps.

Socket.IO

Library enabling WebSocket-like real-time communication with fallback options.

NATS

High-performance messaging system for microservices and event streaming.

Kafka

Distributed event streaming platform used for building real-time data pipelines.

RabbitMQ

Message broker implementing AMQP protocol; reliable but heavier than NATS.

Redis

In-memory data store for caching, queues, and pub/sub messaging.

PostgreSQL

Open-source relational database with advanced features (JSON, indexing, ACID compliance).

MySQL

Widely-used relational database; simple and fast but fewer advanced features than Postgres.

MariaDB

Community-driven MySQL fork with similar interface but more open development.

SQLite

Lightweight, serverless SQL database embedded in apps.

MongoDB

Popular NoSQL document database; flexible schema but less transactional consistency than SQL.

Cassandra

Distributed NoSQL wide-column database built for scalability and availability.

DynamoDB

AWS’s managed NoSQL key-value/document store.

Neo4j

Graph database optimized for relationships and graph queries.

ElasticSearch

Distributed search and analytics engine for structured/unstructured data.

InfluxDB

Time-series database optimized for metrics and events.

ClickHouse

Column-oriented database for fast analytics on large data.

ETL Pipelines

Extract, Transform, Load workflows moving data from sources to storage/analytics.

Airflow

Python-based orchestration tool for scheduling ETL pipelines.

dbt

Transform layer for analytics using SQL-based transformations.

Kubernetes

Container orchestration platform automating deployment, scaling, and management.

Docker

Container platform packaging apps and dependencies for consistent environments.

Helm

Kubernetes package manager simplifying deployments with charts.

Istio

Service mesh adding traffic management, security, and observability to Kubernetes.

Terraform

Infrastructure-as-code tool for defining cloud resources declaratively.

Pulumi

Modern infrastructure-as-code tool using real programming languages.

Ansible

Automation tool for configuration management and deployment.

Chef

Infrastructure automation with Ruby-based DSL.

Puppet

Declarative configuration management tool for system automation.

CI/CD

Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment practices automating build, test, deploy pipelines.

Jenkins

Widely-used CI/CD server with extensive plugin ecosystem.

GitHub Actions

Built-in CI/CD pipelines for GitHub repositories.

CircleCI

Cloud-based CI/CD service integrating with Git and containers.

Travis CI

Popular CI service for open-source projects.

Load Balancer

Distributes incoming network traffic across multiple servers.

NGINX

High-performance web server/reverse proxy also used as load balancer.

HAProxy

Advanced TCP/HTTP load balancer and proxy.

Reverse Proxy

Server forwarding client requests to backend servers; improves security and scalability.

Content Delivery Network (CDN)

Distributed network caching and delivering content closer to users.

Cloudflare

Popular CDN and security platform offering DDoS protection and DNS services.

AWS S3

Object storage service for storing and serving files at scale.

MinIO

Open-source S3-compatible object storage server.

Consul

Service discovery and configuration tool for microservices.

Etcd

Distributed key-value store for configuration and service discovery (used by Kubernetes).

Service Mesh

Layer handling service-to-service communication (security, routing, metrics).

API Gateway

Central entry point for APIs handling routing, rate limiting, and authentication.