Philosophy exam

Aesthetics

Aesthetics

branch of philosophy that focuses on the nature of beauty, art, and taste. Explores questions about what makes something beautiful.

Applied ethics

branch of ethics that deals with the practical application of moral principals to real life situations.

Argument

Set of statements where one statement is claimed to follow logically from the others.

A priori

Refers to knowledge of reasoning that is from reason logic or intuition

A posteriori

Justification or knowledge that depends on evidence, warrant or a sensory experience.

Assumption

An undermined belief. We think without realizing we think

Espistemology

The theory of knowledge

Ethics

Study of right and wrong, good or bad.

Logic

The study of the laws of thought, correct reasoning, valid inference or logical truth.

Metaphysics

Study that uses broad concepts to help define reality and our understanding of it.

Metaethics

Explores status, foundations and scope moral values properties and words.

Monism

All things exist are part of the same essential whole

Monists

Only a single thing in the universe which can only be artificially and arbitrary divided into many things.

Natural Law

Human beings possess intrinsic values that govern their reasoning and behaviour.

Nihilist

Belief that values are baseless and nothing can be known or communicated.

Normative ethics

Branch of moral philosophy or ethics concerned with what is morally right or wrong.

Philosophy

Study of fundamental nature of knowledge, reality and existence especially when considered as academic discipline.

Skepticism

The view that some or all knowledge is impossible

Socratic method

Questions asked until a contradiction was exposed

Social and political philosophy

Asks how institutions governing collective life ought to be arranged and why

Substance dualism

Summa theologiae

Syllogism

Fides et ratio

Knowledge by aquaintance

Philosophical assumptions

Idealism

Fallacy

Dualist

St. Anselm

Aristotle

John Stuart mill

St. Augustine of Hippo

Socrates

Thomas Aquinas

Jeremy Bentham

Immanuel Kant

Plato

Rene Descartes

Baruch Spinoza

John Locke

David Hume

Heraclitus

Edmund Gettier

Where does the process of doing philosophy start?

What makes an argument valid?

What makes an argument sound?

What is categorical syllogism?

What is conditional syllogism?

What are various logical fallacies?

Explain the meaning of Plato’s Allegory of the cave

List and describe each of Aristotles three laws of thought

Fides et ratio - main ideas from intro.

Existence of God - Cosmological

Existence of God - Ontological

Existence of God - Teleogical

Aquinas 5 ways of knowing God

Argument against existence of God - Atheism

Aristotles nested theory of the soul

Aquinas theory of soul

Rationalism

Empiricalism

Hwow did Rene Descartes use doubt as a tool for doing philosophy?

What is theory of knowledge ?

What did John Locke mean by stating that his mind is like a blank slate

What must be present in order to have justified true belief about a subject?

What fourth condition did Edmund Gettier include ?

Theories of truth - Decinstructionism

Theories of truth - Edifying

Theories of truth - Correspondence Theory

Theories of truth - Coherence Theory

Theories of truth - Pragmatism

Normative ethics - Divine command theory

Normative ethics - Utilitarianism

Normative ethics - Virtue ethics

Normative ethics - Deontological ethics

Thomas Aquinas theory of ethics object, circumstances and intention. How does he describe good?

Immanuel Kants ethical theory and his use of the categorical imperative. What are the categorical imperatives he identifies in his theories?

Describe Plato’s vision of the ideal state. What does he argue is the purpose of the government?