AP BIO UNIT 3: Enzymes

Enzyme lowers activation energy by…

Orienting substrate correctly, straining substrate bonds, providing favorable environment, bonding to substrate

Enzyme specificity

each enzyme catalyzes only one kind of reaction

Induced fit

Enzyme slightly changes shape to accommodate the shape of the substrate

Cofactors

Aid induced fit, made of ions

Coenzymes

made of organic vitamins

Competitve Inhibition

substrate molecule is prevented from binding to the active site of an enzyme by a molecule that is very similar in structure to the substrate.

allosteric inhibitors

the binding of a regulatory molecule to a separate (allosteric) site turning the enzyme off by changing the shape of the enzyme's active site.

negative feedback

Results in the inhibition of an enzyme in a biochemical pathway, reducing the activity of earlier enzymes, and stopping the pathway.