Land Biomes Biodiversity

Biomes

distinctive regions characterized by specific types of vegetation (plant community) + animals + selective pressure (temp precipitation) 8 major biomes

biosphere

broken down into biomes (part of earths support for life)

2 most siginifgant abiotic factors in biomes

temp, perceiptation aka climate (selective pressures)

temp and percipatation influenced by:

latitudial region, altitude, prevaling winds, local geography

Latitude

distance from equator and its effect on climate (measured in degrees N or S)

Major latitudinal lines include article circle, Tropic of Cancer, equator, Tropic of Capricorn, antarctic circle

curve nature of earth

creates diff. temps sun hits curve spreads sun out “dilutes it”, equator gets highest concentration of sun

earths major latitudial zones

artic: 65N 90N

temperate 40 60N

subtropics 25-40N

Tropics 23.5 N- 23.5 S

antartitic 65S 90S

temperate climate

season reuslt in earths tilt and orbit spins faster at equator slower at poles (axis goves us our seasons)

during our summer norther hemisphere is titlted sun during winter southern hermisphere is titlted towards sun

latitude increases

temp and primary productivity tend to decrease due to the changing sun angle

canada vs france

gulf stream, warm water current

other abiotic factors 

geographic ft that influence temp and percipitation

altitude 

is the elevation above sea level, alt increases avrage temp primary productive decreases

profailng winds

trade winds, westeries, polar winds

equator direct rays of sunligjt high evaproration, (warming surface of earth air rises, alot of rain warm mosit air rises cools down and percipitation comes down)

warm air rises

low pressure system, mosture goes somewhere warm or soth when it gets colder which makes it dense and sinksu

cold air

holds onto less moisture, cold air sinking no rain and high pressure system dry air sinking 30

dry air sinking sinking 30 n or s = giant high pressure system dry weather  

latitude controls

genral percipitation because of high pressure or low pressure systems an starts at equator 

weather also influenced by convection

movement of heat within a liquid or gas, substance is warmed by heat source, substance warms becomes less dense, density decreases it rises, cools becomes more dense it sinks again 

convection cells are rotating bodies of air caused by this warming and cooling 

provaling winds

are caused by the Earth’s rotation, and tend to move in the same direction

trade winds: from tropics, western towards equator

westerlies: From the subtropics eastward towards the midlatitudes

uneven heating across eath alos creates

ocean converys moving system of deep ocean currents cicrulate heat

air rises

lwo pressure rain low pressure

30 0

air sinking high pressure dry

ocean current

gulf stream most imporant warm water current, direction of provaling winds, warm water current carried by provailing winds,

boral forest

largest biome

mountains

windward side of mountain air gets blown up colder then goes over to leward side

windwaard side often wet rainshodow effect

all biomes elvolve with

climate being selective pressure

grass land

hot moderate levels of perciptation not that muhc

tropical grass land savannah

dry cold

desert

moderate temp moderate perciptation

paries temperate grass land

moderate percipition cold

tundra

tropical forest

hot, percipitation disgoius trees

major biomes on planet

8

biomes

areas sharing simular climate selective pressure

climatic graphs

show regions annuls climate, line bar graphs show average temp and percipitation over year te;;s you if: If temperatures, percipitation are seasonal or consistent, if the climate is below freezing

oceans

summer ocean absorvs heat wnter heat released on ocean

thermal buffering