AP Psychology-Testing and Individual Differences

Unit 2

Standardized

defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group

Reliability

the extent to which a test yields consistent results

Split-half reliability

a test is split in two and the scores for each half are compared, measuring consistency

Test-retest reliability

the consistency of a measurement when applied to the sam person multiple times

Validity

the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to

Predictive validity

the success with which a test predicts the behavior is is designed to predict

Construct validity

how much a test measures a concept or trait

Aptitude tests

a test to predict a person’s future performance

Achievement tests

a test to asses what a person has learned

Intelligence

the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations

Fluid intelligence

reasoning ability, and the ability to generate, transform, and manipulate different types of novel information in real time

Crystallized intelligence

the knowledge acquired through one’s culture, including verbal ability and social knowledge

Mental age

the level of performance typically associated with children of a certain chronological age

Stanford-Binet IQ

the ratio of mental age to chronological age

Chronological age

how old you are

Heritability

the proportion of variation of a trait within a population that can be attributed to genetic differences rather than environmental factors

Flynn effect

the rise in intelligence test performance overtime and in cultures