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variable
characteristic that changes from one individual to another.
distribution
describes what values the variable takes and how often it takes each value
dot plot
a dot plot shows each data value as a dot above its location on a number line
Histogram
a histogram divides the range of data into classes of equal width.
Adjacent bars should touch
Side by Side bar graph
displays the distribution of one categorical variable in each of two or more groups
-include color keys
-use relative frequencies
Misleading graphs
includes 3d effects, weird scaling, look at the scales to see if they’ve been distorted. Avoid making bars of a bar graph with pictures whose height and width vary.
Bar graph
shows each category as a bar. the heights of the bars show the category frequencies or relative frequencies.
Pie chart
shows each category as a slice of a pie. the areas of the slice are proportionate to the category frequencies or relative frequencies.
A quantitative variable
takes numerical values that count or measure some characteristic of each individual
discrete variable
a quantitative variable that takes a countable set of possible values with gaps between them on a number line
Continuous variable
A quantitative variable that can take any value in an interval on the number line
Frequency
a frequency table shows the number of individuals having each value
relative frequency
shows the proportion or percentage of individuals having each value
categorical variable
takes values that are labels
statistics
the science and art of collecting, analyzing, and drawing conclusions from data.
individuals
people, animals, or things described by a set of data
bimodal
two clear peaks
multimodal
more than two peaks
uniform
even throughout
SOCS
S-Shape
O- Outliers
C-Center
S-Spread
stemplots
shows each data value separated into two parts
symmetric
right side of the graph mirrors the left
skewed right
if the right side of the graph is much longer than the left
skewed left
if the left side is longer than the right
“splitting” stems
essentially just trying to keep the stem plot more clean, splitting the data into 2 to make it more even.
The split stem and leaf plot separates each stem into many stems based on its frequency
Effect on mean and median :Skewed left
mean<median
Effect on mean and median :Skewed right
mean>median
Effect on mean and median :symmetric
mean=median
Standard Deviation
measures the spread of a data distribution. it measures the typical distance between each data point and the mean.
Quantitative graphs
-dot plots
-stem and leaf plots
-histograms
categorical graphs
-bar graphs
-pie charts
Note 
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