CJU 243 FINAL

Parole

Conditional release of a prisoner prior to the completion of the imposed sentence, under the supervision of a parole officer

Discretionary Release

Early release based on the ruling authorities assessment of elgibility

Wickersham Commission

In 1931 issued a report advocating uniformity in state parole practices. Recommended that states establish centralized policymaking boards to write standards and guidelines for parole practices

Reentry

Use of programs targeted at promoting effective reintegration of offenders back into communities upon release from prison and jail

Roles

Normal pattern of behavior expected of those holding particular social positions

Legitimate Power

Correctional Officers have power by virtue of their positions within the organization. They have formal authority to command

Expert Power

Results inmates perceptions that certain Correctional Officers have life skills (i.e. inmates seeking treatment may value treatment oriented officers)

Referent Power

Flows from persuasive diplomacy. Officers win respect and admiration from prisoners so they may achieve a natural leadership position

Structured Conflict

Tension between prison staff members and inmates that arise out of the correctional setting

Subculture

The beliefs, values, behaviors, and material objects shared by particular group of people within large society

Total Institution

A place where the same people work, play, eat, sleep, and recreate together on a regular basis

Prisonization

Process by which inmates adapt to prison society; Taking on the ways, mores, customs, and general culture of the penitentiary

Pains of Imprisonment

Major problems that inmates face, such as: loss of liberty and personal autonomy, lack of material possessions, loss of hetero-sexual relationships, and reduced personal security

Prison Code

A set of norms and values along prison inmates. Generally antagonistic towards official administration and rehabiliation programs of the prison

Prison Argot

Special language of the inmate subculture

Hands Off Doctrine

Historical policy of American courts not to intervene in prison management. Courts tended to follow this doctrine until the late 1960s

Theurepeutic Community

A residential treatment program in which substance abuse inmates are housed in a separate unit within a prison or jail facility

65% of All Jail & Prison Inmates

Meet the medical criteria for substance abuse addiction, but only 11.2% receive any treatment while incarcerated

Exchange Rates

An approach to sentencing that emphasizes interchangeability of punishments

Security Threat Group (STG)

Current term for prison gangs that describes how they negatively impact the security of prison operations

Disturbance

An altercation involving 3 or more inmates, resulting in official action beyond summary sanctions and for which there is an institutional record

Riot

Any action by a group of inmates that constitutes a forcible attempt to gain control of a facility or area within a facility

11 Days

Longest prison riot in US history happened in Lucasville and lasted for...

Tangible Losses

Costs such as fear, pain, suffering, and reduced quality of life that accrue to crime victims as a result of their victimization. ITEMS YOU CAN RECOVER

Intangible Losses

Costs such as fear, pain, suffering, and reduced quality of life that accrue to crime victims as a result of their victimization. EMOTIONAL DAMAGE

Right of Allocation

A statutory provision permitting crime victims to speak at the sentencing of convicted offenders.

A federal right of allocution was established for victims of federal violent and sex crimes under the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994

Exonerate

To be clear of blame and release from death row

Capital Crime

A crime for which the death penalty may but need not necessarily be imposed

Mitigating Circumstances

Factors that, although not justifying or excusing an action, may REDUCE the culpability of the offender

Aggravating Circumstances

Factors that may INCREASE the culpability of the offender