World history chapter 5

flashcards

Ivan the Terrible

Ruler who added lands to Russia, gave it a code of laws, and also used his secret police
to execute “traitors”

Boyar

Russian noble who owned land

Peter the Great

Important leader of Russia who started westernization

Westernization

Use of western Europe as a model of change

Thirty Years’ War

Conflict over religion, territory, and power among European ruling

Maria Theresa

Empress of Austria whose main enemy was Prussia

Frederick the Great

Leader of Prussia who sought to increase its territory

Seven Years’ War

Conflict from 1756 to 1763 in which the forces of Britain and Prussia
battled those of Austria, France, Russia, and other countries.

Edict of Nantes-

Order that gave Huguenots the right to live in peace in
Catholic France

Cardinal Richelieu-

 Chief minister of France who reduced the power of the
nobles

Skepticism

- Belief that nothing could be known for certain

Louis XIV-

French king who was an absolute ruler

intendant-

Official of the French government

Jean Baptiste Colbert-

 Chief Minister of Finance under Louis XIV

War of the Spanish Succession

- War fought by other European nations
against France and Spain when those two states tried to unite their thrones

Philip II-

Spanish king who took control of Portugal but failed in his invasion of England

absolute monarch

- King or queen with complete control

divine right-

Idea that a ruler receives the right to rule from God

Charles I

 King of England who was executed

English Civil War

War fought from 1642 to 1649 between the Royalists, or Cavaliers, and the Puritan supporters of Parliament

Oliver Cromwell

Leader of the Puritans

Restoration

Period after the monarchy was restored in England

habeas corpus

Law giving prisoners the right to obtain a document saying that the prisoner cannot go to jail without being brought before a judge

Glorious Revolution

Bloodless overthrow of King James II

constitutional monarchy

Government in which laws limit the monarch’s power

Cabinet

A group of government ministers that was a link between the
monarch and Parliament