muscular system: notes

What are the primary functions of muscles?

Movement, posture, body positions, blood circulation, protecting internal organs, and generating heat.

What are the two types of muscles involved in movement?

Voluntary muscles (e.g., skeletal muscles) and involuntary muscles (e.g., cardiac muscles).

What is the location and function of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

It is located in the front portion of the neck and is responsible for head rotation and flexion.

What are the three classifications of muscles in the back?

Superficial, intermediate, and deep muscles, including the latissimus dorsi and trapezius.

What is osteoarthritis and its effects?

A condition where protective cartilage tears away, leading to bone friction, joint pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility.

What is rheumatoid arthritis?

An autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks its own tissues, causing inflammation, pain, and deformities in bones.

What is osteoporosis and its effects?

A decrease in bone density that leads to brittle and weak bones, increasing the risk of fractures.

What is fibromyalgia?

A condition characterized by neurological pain in muscles and connective tissue, often accompanied by fatigue.

What is muscular dystrophy?

An inherited genetic condition that causes muscle weakness and impairment of mobility through degeneration.

What is the difference between muscle origin and insertion?

The origin is the attachment point that does not move when the muscle contracts, while the insertion is where the muscle fibers connect and terminate to bone.

What is the role of ligaments in the muscular system?

Ligaments attach bone to bone, providing stability to joints.

What is the function of the trapezius muscle?

It extends from the shoulder blades to the lower lumbar spine and is involved in moving and stabilizing the shoulder.

What is the location of the latissimus dorsi muscle?

It is located in the lower back and is responsible for arm movement.

What is the significance of muscle attachment points?

They determine how muscles interact with bones to facilitate movement.

Where is the sternocleidomastoid located?

Anterior front portion of the next

Latissimus Doris

On the back extend from the shoulder blades to the lower lumbar spine

Muscle organ

Attachment point on stationary bone that does not move when muscle contracts

Muscle insertion

Attachment point where the muscle fibers connect and terminate the bone

Ligaments

Attach bone to bone

Tendons

Attach muscle to bone

Flexor

muscle contracts to bend

Extensor

Muscle contracts a to straighten a body part

Muscle atrophy

Wasting of shrinking of muscle mass

Muscle hyper trophy

Increasing muscle size

Involuntary

Skeletal

Voluntary

Cardiac & smooth

Skin tissue

Muscle tissue and smooth tissue

Non striated

Smooth tissue

Epimysrum

Outer connective tissue layer/surrounding muscle

Muscle fiber

Single cellared

Perimysium

Connective tissue surround each faiscle

Endomysium

Connective tissue surrounding each muscle fibers

Faiscle

Bunch of muscle fibers

Cachexia

A metabolic syndrome characterized by loss of muscle mass.