language disorders in children final exam

Language Based Learning Disability

a disorder that manifests itself in different ways at various points in development as communicative contexts and learning tasks change

k-2nd grade

children develop the basic skills needed for reading and writing, associations between sounds and letters. begin to learn about spelling and basic math operations

3rd-4th grade curricular demands

children experience a curricular leap from decoding to reading for comprehension. content areas introduced.

5th and 6th grade curricular demands

the Aquisition of knowledge in the content area that were introduced in grades 3 & 4. decoding should be fully automatic

7th-9th grade curricular demands

be able to read popular magazines, newspaper, popular fiction. number of content areas expand. develop critical thinking skills.

children at risk for of LLDs

academic underachievers, 85% of school drop-outs functionally illiterate.

identification of children at risk of suicide

screening is the first line of identification, most often in 3rd grade

children raised in poverty

alone, it does not result on poor reading and academic performance, but they do typically have limited resources and materials.

common consequences of poverty

- dropping out of school

- low academic achievement

- delinquient behavior

62, 36

_____ percent of parents with high SES read to children daily, _____ percent of parents with a low SES read to their children daily.

more activity, prefrontal cortex

children of high SES show _______ ______(dark green) in the _____ than do kids of low SES when confronted with a novel or unexpected stimulus

isolations

situations of impoverishment often create individuals who become _____

abusive parents

neglected individuals may become _____ _____ to their children

simple view of reading, word recognition and comprehension

gough and tunmer, shows how LLDs struggle or excel with word recognition and listening comprehension

mixed LLD

poor listening comprehension and poor word recognition

dyslexia

good listening comprehension and poor word recognition

specific comprehension deficits

poor listening comprehension and good word recognition

hyperlexia

recognizing and reading words exceeding ones cognitive and language levels yet having no comprehension of what is said or read

reading comprehension

dyslexia, LLDs and specific comprehension deficits all have problems with _____ but for different reasons

neurological deficits. difficulties with accurate or fluent word recognition.

dyslexia has a reading comprehension difficulty because of ______

language and cognitive deficits

hyperlexia has a reding comprehension difficulty because of ____

decoding and listening comprehension

LLDs have reading comprehension difficulty because of _____

phonological aspects

children with language based learning disabilities frequently have trouble with _____ of speech and hearing

phonological awareness

the problem of phonological deficits is related to _____

segmentation tasks

the children with phonological deficits also tend to have inferior performance in _____

passive

children with pragmatic deficits tend to be ____ in groups and will ask few question

simple

questions that pragmatically difficult children do ask are ___ and require uncomplicated answers

topical discontinuity

pragmatic difficult children tend to have _____

what is ADHD not

a learning disability or a label to be applied to any child who has trouble sitting still

ADHD is

a neurobehavioral disorder and begins in childhood continues into adulthood

more than one, 6 or more

to be diagnosed with ADHD, the child must exhibit the symptoms in ____ setting for ____ months

DSM IV (4)

- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Combined Type,

- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Predominantly inattentive Type,

- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Predominantly hyperactive impulsive Type

combined

most children who have ADHD have the _____ type

7

the average age of ADHD diagnosis is ____ years old

symptoms of ADHD

- control and regulation of attention

- impulsivity, has and academic and social impact.

- main issue is not being able to control attention

overactive children

"motor mouth" children who simply cant sit still and are very fidgety, identified much earlier

some children are underactive

-not likely to act out

-undetected until 4th-5th

-benefit from having teacher who ae aware of warning signs

what causes ADHD

- a history of low birth weight or complication

- two dopamine genes (DAT1 and D4) have been noted

dopamine chemical

carries signals between nerves in the brain, linked to many basic functions like sleep mood attention and learning

frontal lobe

help us pay attention to tasks for concentration, make good decisions and plan ahead

pre-frontal cortex

playing roles in executive functioning tasks

role of SLP in diagnosing ADHD

to determine if a language based learning disability is present

why do we label?

to qualify for special education services in some schools, can be emotionally devastating to parent and child

treatment of ADHD academic areas

learning to control attention is a subject itself, break the assignment into one part units

treatment of ADHD medical issues

- drugs make system more accessible for learning, but not increasing knowledge.

- addiction (psychologically not physiologically)

ADHD medication and side effects

Ritalin, loss of appetite and sleeping issues

syndrome vs sequence

syndrome has multiple Factors that are present and related to same genetic condition. sequence is one thing causing another to appear.

micrognathia

small jaw

glossoptosis

downward displacement of the tongue

down syndrome characteristics

three copies of trisomy 21, single palmar crease, brachycephaly

fragile x syndrome

martin bell syndrome, 2nd most common genetic syndrome, fragile site on the long arm of the x chromosome, more prevalent in males

apert syndrome

malformations of the skull face hands and feet. clubbed hands/feet, webbed hands

craniosynostosis

a birth defect that causes one or more structures on a baby's head to close earlier than normal

what is VPI

velopharyngeal insufficiency, the failure of the closure of the velopharyngeal port

Williams syndrome

identified based on a distinctive set of cardiovascular anomalies, elfin faces

Prader Willi syndrome

hyperphagia (compulsive eating)

1 in 36, 317% increase nationally

prevalence rate of autism spectrum disorder

ASD characteristics

impairments in communication and social interaction and symbolic or imaginative play

rett disorder

almost only girls, loss of skills after first few months

failure to thrive percentage

weight below the 10th percentile

2lb 3oz

extremely low birth weight

Language Delay

the Aquisition of normal language competencies at a slower rate than expected

Language Disorder

a disruption in the learning of language skills and behaviors

language difference

language behavior and skills that are not in concert with those of the persons primary speech community or native langage

speech acts

locutionary, illocutionary, perlocutionary

locutionary

literal meaning

illocutionary

The intention of the speaker

perlocutionary

listeners interpretation of the speaker

Nature

Nativism and Mentalism fall under what category

Nurture

Empiricism and behaviorism fall under this category.