PE Unit 3 AOS 1

Sport specific skill

Advanced versions or combinations of fundamental motor skills, relevant to the rules and equipment of a sport.

Fundamental motor skill

Foundational skills that provide the basis for the development of sport specific skills.

Movement precision

The accuracy and smoothness of movement when performing a motor skill.

Fine motor skill

A skill that recruits smaller or less muscle groups, focusing on precise and controlled movements.

Gross motor skill

A skill that recruits larger or more muscle groups, focusing on producing speed or force.

Discrete skill

A skill with a distinct beginning and end.

Serial skill

Several skills performed in a coordinated sequence.

Continuous skill

A skill with no clear beginning and end, particularly relevant to locomotion.

Open skill

A skill performed with little to no control over the environment.

Closed skill

A skill performed with the greatest control over the environment.

Cognitive learner

A person who has had little to no exposure to a particular movement skill.

Associative learner

A person who is beginning to refine their technique and success in a particular movement skill.

Autonomous learner

A person who can complete a skill automatically in a range of settings.

Error

A skill performed incorrectly or which does not achieve its intention.

Qualitative movement analysis (QMA)

Used to assess movement to improve it, which leads to an increase in performance.

Preparation (in QMA)

Involves collecting all relevant information, including purpose, knowledge of the skill, frequency of observations, and methods of observation.

Observation (in QMA)

Involves watching the skill performed either live or digitally.

Evaluation (in QMA)

Judging the quality of the observed skill and how it may be improved.

Validity

Refers to whether a test measures what it is intended to measure.

Reliability

Refers to if a test will produce the same or similar results when repeated.

Inter-rater reliability

Refers to the degree of agreement among different observers.

Intra-rater reliability

Refers to the consistency of scores given by the same assessor.

Linear acquisition

Learning through predictable, step-by-step stages of skill development.

Non-linear acquisition

Acquiring skills through a non-fixed path, possibly involving rapid changes and regressions.

Direct coaching

Feedback given on every attempt, where the learner has little need to make decisions.

Constraints based approach

Practicing according to individual, environmental, and task constraints.

Confidence

The belief an athlete has about their ability to execute a skill successfully.

Motivation

The causes of the initiation, maintenance, and intensity of behavior.

Intrinsic motivation

Factors internal to the athlete such as happiness or satisfaction.

Extrinsic motivation

Factors external to the athlete such as prize money or trophies.

Positive motivation

Reinforcing or encouraging good performance.

Negative motivation

Criticizing or punishing poor performance.

Optimal arousal

The state of readiness to perform an action or task.

Concentration

The ability to focus on relevant cues and ignore distractions.

Part practice

Breaking down a skill into smaller parts and practicing each separately.

Whole practice

Performing the entire skill from start to finish, beneficial for continuous skills.

Blocked practice

Practicing the same skill continuously for a period without moving on to a different skill.

Random practice

Varying skills or movements in a non-sequential order requiring cognitive engagement.

Types of feedback

Includes intrinsic feedback, augmented feedback, terminal and concurrent feedback.

Linear motion

Movement of an object or body in a straight line or curved path.

Angular motion

Movement of an object or body around an axis (rotational).

General motion

A combination of linear and angular motion.

Projectile motion

The flight path of an airborne body or object influenced by specific factors.

Mass

The measure of the quantity of matter found in an object.

Force

A push or pull that causes an object to accelerate, decelerate, or change direction.

Speed

Distance divided by time, the rate at which an object is moving.

Acceleration

The rate of change in velocity, indicating if an object is speeding up, slowing down, or constant.

Momentum

The amount of motion possessed by an object.

Impulse

The change in momentum of a body.

Torque

A force that causes an object to rotate.

Friction

Occurs when two surfaces come into contact; may require varying amounts for successful skill execution.

Lever

A structure made up of a rigid bar, an axis, force input, and resistance, used in human movement.

Axis

The point of rotation for a lever.

Mechanical advantage

A measure of a lever's ability to produce speed or force.

Newton's first law

An object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.

Newton's second law

An object accelerates proportionate to the force applied and inversely proportionate to its mass.

Newton's third law

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.