Tuesday

What is the monomer of a nucleic acid?

What is the monomer of a nucleic acid?

Nucleotide

What are the 3 parts of a DNA molecule?

Phosphate group, deoxyribose, nitrogenous base

What are the base rules for DNA?

A <--->T

G <--->C

What is the shape of a DNA molecule.

Double Helix

What two scientists discovered the DNA Molecule Shape?

Watson & Crick

Which scientist discovered the DNA Molecule Shape, but did not receive credit?

Franklin

During what part of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

S-Phase

What enzyme that adds complimentary nucleotide during replication?

DNA Polymerase

When we add bases to a DNA molecule, describe how the process take place.

DNA Polymerase uses the original strand as a template and adds the corresponding nucleotides.

What enzyme unzips/unwinds the DNA?

Helicase

We use one strand of DNA to make a new strand of DNA. What is the process called?

Semi-Conservative Replication

When the two strands of DNA are made, the two strands are said to be _______?

Identical.

Give the complimentary DNA sequence to the following strand:

CCAGGTATACTA

GGTCCATATGAT

Where at in the cell does DNA replication occur?

Nucleus

Watson and Crick made a model of DNA. Correctly name the shape of DNA.

Double Helix

Name 3 differences between DNA and RNA.

What are the 3 types of RNA?

mMRNA, tTRNA, rRNA

What type of RNA brings amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome to help make proteins?

tRNA

What enzyme is going to add RNA bases to the correct DNA template strand? What else does the enzyme do?

RNA polymerase adds complimentary RNA nucleotides.

Where does RNA polymerase bind at?

Gene

mRNA

A copy of DNA which is sent to ribosome. When we go from DNA to mRNA this process is called transcription. This takes place in the nucleus.

tRNA

The type of RNA brings in the amino acids during translation at the ribosome. The tRNA anti codons match up with the mRNA codons.

rRNA

This type of RNA makes up ribosomes. The ribosomes are either free in the cytoplasm or attached to the Rough ER

This process converts RNA into proteins.

Translation

Where does translation take place?

Ribosome

What are three bases in a row of mRNA

Codon

The codons match up with what on the tRNA molecule?

Anticodon

What type of RNA carries the anticodon to the mRNA?

tRNA

Can we use the mRNA codon sheet for all organisms? Do we need different charts for different animals?

Yes, it is a universal code.

What are the 3 amino acids in this chain:

UUA ACG AAC

LEU, THR, ASP

What is the tRNA sequence for the sequence for the following:

UUA ACG AAC

AAU UGC UUG

What is the DNA sequence from the mRNA sequence in #7.

AAT TGC TTG

What is the DNA segment that allows a gene to be transcribed. (What helps RNA polymerase know the start of a gene?

Promoter (TATA Box)

CCCUAUAAUGCCAFFACAUUAGAAACCC

The bold sequence that codes for a protein is called what?

A gene

What does DNA do?

It is the genetic code.

What causes your heart to have all of its unique properties and your eye to be so different when they have the same DNA?

On/Off Switch

How many chromosomes do you have?

46

What is a change in a organisms DNA Called?

Mutation

What kind of mutation is this:

Correct DNA: AACTATGAG

New DNA: AATTATGAG

Point Mutation

Nondisjunction, or the failure of a chromosome to separate into sister chromatids is what kind of mutation.

Chromosomal mutation

THe “ooze” that altered the Ninja Turtles’ DNA would be considered ______?

Carcinogen

When a nucleotide is deleted, it is considered which type of mutation?

Frameshift mutation