labs 1-2 (NS, vertebral column, pec girdle)

L2, L3

deltoid origin (3)

1. lateral ½ of clavicle

2. acromion

3. scapular spine

deltoid insertion

deltoid tuberosity

deltoid actions

1. abduction (15-90 deg)

2. all actions except adduction

deltoid innervation

axillary

pectoralis major origin (3)

1. medial ½ of clavicle

2. sternum

3. ribs 1-6

pectoralis major insertion

intertubercular groove of humerus - lateral lip

pectoralis major actions (3)

adduction, flexion, medial rotation

pectoralis major innervation

medial, lateral pectoral

latissimus dorsi origin (2)

1. spinous processes of thoracic, lumbar, sacral vertebrae

2. iliac crest

latissimus dorsi insertion

intertubercular groove of humerus

latissimus dorsi actions (3)

adduction, extension, medial rotation

latissimus dorsi innervation

thoracodorsal

teres major origin

inferior angle of scapula

teres major insertion

intertubercular groove of humerus - medial lip

teres major actions (2)

adduction, medial rotation

teres major innervation

lower subscapular

coracobrachilias origin

coracoid process

coracobrachilias insertion

medial side of humeral shaft

coracobrachilias actions (2)

flexion, adduction

coracobrachilias innervation

musculocutaneous

supraspinatus origin

supraspinatus fossa of scapula

supraspinatus insertion

greater tubercle of humerus

supraspinatus actions

abduction (0 - 15 deg)

supraspinatus innervation

suprascapular

infraspinatus origin

infraspinatus fossa of scapula

infraspinatus insertion

greater tubercle of humerus

infraspinatus actions

lateral rotation, adduction

infraspinatus innervation

suprascapular

teres minor origin

lateral border of scapula

teres minor insertion

greater tubercle of humerus

teres minor actions

lateral rotation, adduction

teres minor innervation

axillary

subscapularis origin

subscapularis fossa of scapula

subscapularis insertion

lesser tubercle of humerus

subscapularis actions

medial rotation, adduction

subscapularis innervation

upper and lower subscapular

trapezius origin (2)

1. occipital bone

2. spinous processes C7 - T12

trapezius insertion (3)

1. lateral 1/3 of clavicle

2. scapular spine

3. acromion

trapezius actions (5)

1. retraction

2. medial and lateral rotation

3. elevation

4. depression

5. extension of neck

trapezius innervation

cranial nerve XI

rhomboid minor origin

spinous processes of C7 - T1

rhomboid minor insertion

medial border of the scapula at the base of the scapular spine

rhomboid minor actions (2)

retraction, medial rotation

rhomboid minor innervation

dorsal scapular

rhomboid major origin

spinous processes of T2 - T5

rhomboid major insertion

medial border of the scapula below the scapular spine

rhomboid major actions (2)

retraction, medial rotation

rhomboid major innervation

dorsal scapular

levator scapulae origin

transverse processes of C1 - C4

levator scapulae insertion

medial border of the scapula above the scapular spine

levator scapulae actions (2)

elevation, medial rotation

levator scapulae innervation

dorsal scapular

pectoralis minor origin

ribs 3-5

pectoralis minor insertion

coracoid process of scapula

pectoralis minor actions (2)

protraction, scapular stabilization

pectoralis minor innervation

medial pectoral

serratus anterior origin

lateral surface of ribs 1-8

serratus anterior insertion

anterior surface of medial border of scapula

serratus anterior actions (3)

1. lateral rotation

2. protraction

3. holds scapula against ribcage

serratus anterior innervation

long thoracic

posterior pectoral girdle muscles

1. trapezius

2. latissimus dorsi

3. rhomboid major

4. rhomboid minor

5. levator scapulae

6. supraspinatus muscle

7. infraspinatus muscle

8. teres minor (to humerus)

9. teres major (to humerus)

anterior pectoral girdle muscles

1. pectoralis major

2. pectoralis minor

3. coracobrachialis

4. serratus anterior

coracobrachialis landmark

musculocutaneous nerve running through it

landmark between teres major and teres minor

tricep tendon

cervical enlargement

spinal cord widens; sensory and motor neurons for the upper limb

lumbosacral enlargement

spinal cord widens; sensory and motor neurons for the lower limb

conus medullaris

tapering inferior end of the spinal cord (where cauda equina begins)

located at the intervertebral disc between L1 and L2 vertebrae

cauda equina

bundle of nerve roots extending from end of spinal cord

cauda equina is suspended in _____

CSF

dura mater

outermost covering separated by bone by epidural space

site of epidural hematoma

arachnoid mater

web-like covering inner to dura mater

pia mater

innermost microscopic layer covering spinal cord

filum terminale

continuation of pia mater

merges with dura mater to stabilize + anchor spinal cord from the conus medullaris to the coccyx

lumbar puncture site

subarachnoid space with CSF

near L4 landmark

white matter (in horn)

myelinated axons

surrounds gray matter

gray matter (in horn)

neuron cell bodies

butterfly-like shape in horn, surrounded by white matter

ventral root carries __

motor info out of the CNS

dorsal root carries __

sensory info into the CNS

rootlets emerge from ____, connect to ____

single spinal cord segment

root

ventral rami innervate ____

skin and muscles of anterior and lateral neck and trunk

limbs via plexuses

dorsal rami innervate ____

skin and muscles of back

spinal nerve created by ____

one ventral root combining with one dorsal root

root vs ramus difference

root carries motor or sensory info in/out of CNS

ramus innervates, with both motor + sensory info

spinal nerve categories + number of pairs

8 cervical

12 thoracic

5 lumbar

5 sacral

1 coccygeal

spinal nerve that doesn’t have a corresponding vertebrae

C8 (vertebrae up to C7)

dermatome

patches of skin innervated by all sensory nerves in a single root (dorsal)

myotome

group of muscles innervated by motor nerves in a single root (ventral)

nerve plexus

nerve networks (sensory + motor) to innervate limbs

plexus innervating majority of upper extremity

brachial plexus

plexuses innervating majority of lower extremity

lumbar, sacral plexuses

intervertebral foramina

where spinal nerves exit the vertebral column

how spinal nerves exit the vertebral column (C to S)

C1 nerve exits above C1 vertebrae

• NOT through intervertebral foramen

C2 nerve exits above C2 vertebrae

C3 - C7 all exit above their vertebrae

C8 exits below C7 vertebrae (no corresponding vert)

T1 and below exit below their vertebrae

clavicle medial end

sternal end

clavicle lateral end

acromial end

clavicle tubercle is oriented ___

LIP: lateral, inferior, posterior

scapula acromion orientation

anterior, lateral

scapular spine orientation

posterior

supraspinous fossa orientation

posterior

infraspinous fossa orientation

posterior

subsacpular fossa orientation

anterior