Indigenous Studies pt. 2

Indigenous Studies

Field that creates a in depth understanding of indigenous culture

Settler colonialism

Type of colonialism where indigenous people of colonized region are displaced by settlers who permanently form a society there

Logic of elimination

Use to demonstrate persistent nature of colonialism in Tlingit context

Enduring Indigeneity

that the operative logic of settler colonialism may be to “eliminate the native,”

Race and racialization

"Racism generally means believing that a person's behavior is determined by stable inherited characteristics deriving from separate racial stocks

The Settler Colonial Triad

describes the crooked relationships constructed by settler colonialism: the settler who accumulates rights, land, and property; the native whose presence on land must be extinguished; the chattel slave who must be kept landless.

Miskâsowin

Finding ones sense of origin and belonging ‘one’self or finding ‘one’s center

Re/iteration

Section of repeating something, typically for emphasis or clarity 

Whiteness

Property or quality of being white in color

Indigeneity

The fact of originating or occurring naturally in a particular place

Ôtênaw / Pentimento / wâhkôtowin

the “heart of the people” or “where the people are”

Re-naming

the federal government says that Indigenous people can now apply to reclaim their traditional names on passports and other government documents

Self-location

the embeddedness of identity within local and global political, economic, and social systems that structure experiences of oppression, discrimination, power, and privilege.

Community Tool Shed

Project creates more spaces for local and visiting peoples to collaborate on long-term decolonizing of the land.

1867 Constitution Act

British North America Act (BNA Act). It was the law passed by the British Parliament on 29 March 1867 to create the Dominion of Canada.

Indian Act

the primary law the federal government uses to administer Indian status, local First Nations governments and the management of reserve land. It also outlines governmental obligations to First Nations peoples.

Enfranchisement

the giving of a right or privilege, especially the right to vote.

Reserves

Aboriginal peoples in Canada who are classified as “Status Indians” are registered under the Indian Act on the Indian Register

Indian Status

Indian status is the legal standing of a person who is registered under the Indian Act .

Band Membership

Band membership entitles band members to live on reserve, vote in band elections and referendums, and share in band assets.

Status Indian

Indian status is the legal standing of a person who is registered under the Indian Act .

Treaty Indian

Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown.

Non-Status Indian

"Non-Status Indians" commonly refers to people who identify themselves as Indians but who are not entitled to registration on the Indian

6(1), 6(2), and Non-Status

If a person, who is registered under section 6(1), has a child with someone without Indian status, their children will have a right to register under 6(2).

Bill C-3; Bill C-31

The amendments allowed women who previously lost their Indian Status to regain their status, as well as their children's status. After Bill C-31 was adopted, a person's marriage could no longer affect his or her receiving or losing Indian status.

Bill S-3

S-3 extends entitlement to descendants of women impacted by sex-based discrimination dating back to 1869.

Métis

person of mixed indigenous and Euro-American ancestry

Nehiyaw-Pwat / Iron Alliance

historic polyethnic group of Plains Cree, Plains Ojibwa. (Chippewa), Metis, and Assiniboine (Nakoda or Stoney) peoples

White Horse Plains

A horse, years it was seen roaming the surrounding plain and in memory of the young lovers this part of Manitoba became known as White Horse Plain.

Battle of Seven Oaks / Victory of Frog Plain

The Métis people fought for the North West Company, and they called it "the Victory of Frog Plain" (la Victoire de la Grenouillère).

Red River Resistance 

The uprising led to the creation of the province of Manitoba and the emergence of Métis leader Louis Riel—a hero to his people and many in Quebec but an outlaw in the eyes of the Canadian government

Battle of Batoche 

Rebellion of 1885. The battle resulted in the defeat of Louis Riel and his Métis forces by Major General Frederick Middleton and his Northwest Field Force.

Race-shiftin

a process that, in the case of this research project, involves white French-descendants inventing and claiming an “Indigenous” identity, often in opposition to actual Indigenous peoples.

Inuit

a member of an indigenous people of northern Canada and parts of Greenland and Alaska.

Inuit Nunangat 

the place where Inuit live.

Disc Numbers 

used by the Government of Canada in lieu of surnames for Inuit and were similar to dog tags.

Legal Fictions 

an assertion accepted as true, though probably fictitious, to achieve a particular goal in a legal matter.

Doctrine of Discovery and Occupation 

international law that gave license to explorers to claim vacant land (terra nullius) in the name of their sovereign.

Terra nullius 

term that refers to a “territory without a master.” It is a term used in public international law to describe a space that can be inhabited but that does not belong to a state, meaning the land is not owned by anyone.

Doctrine of Conquest

traditional principle that sovereign states may resort to war at their discretion and that territorial and other gains achieved by military victory will be recognized as legally valid.

Doctrines of Adverse Possession and Cession 

Adverse possession is a doctrine under which a person in possession of land owned by someone else may acquire valid title to it, so long as certain requirements are met, and the adverse possessor is in possession for a sufficient period of time, as defined by a statute of limitations.

Treaty Making 

and all types of international agreements governed by international law which are concluded between and among states and international organizations.

Types of treaties 

two main categories, multilateral and bilateral. A multilateral treaty is a treaty involving more than two parties, while a bilateral treaty involves an agreement between two partie

Rights / Title

In the law of property, title in its broadest sense refers to all rights that can be secured and enjoyed under the law. It is frequently synonymous with absolute ownership

Section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982 

Section 35 is the part of the Constitution Act that recognizes and affirms Aboriginal rights. The Canadian government did not initially plan to include Aboriginal rights so extensively within the constitution when the Act was being redrafted in the early 1980s.

Fourth World 

The Fourth World is a critical work of Indigenous political activism that has long been out of print.

Fourth World Resurgent 

Fourth World nations persisted despite incorporation within states, finding unity in historical, cultural, and territorial ties

Justifiable Infringement 

If a court finds that legislation infringes a right guaranteed under the Charter, the government can try to prove, on a balance of probabilities, that this breach is justifiable.

Resistance

the refusal to accept or comply with something; the attempt to prevent something by action or argument.

Self-determination

the process by which a country determines its own statehood and forms its own allegiances and government

Sovereignty

supreme power or authority

Georgetown Meeting

Conflicts exist between sharing data and maintaining IP/ownership. Tension between use of data within a domain and use across domains.

Port Alberni Meeting 

Council meeting to do with fishing rights to natives

World Council of Indigenous Peoples 

The World Council of Indigenous Peoples (WCIP) was a formal international body dedicated to having concepts of aboriginal rights accepted on a worldwide scale. 

UNDRIP

Human rights instrument that sets out the rights of Indigenous peoples around the world. Human rights instruments include declarations, conventions and treaties intended to define and uphold human rights in international law.

Legitimate vs. Illegitimate organizing 

There can indeed be legitimate politics, which fall within the guidelines of what can be or could be considered normal or acceptable in the business world, or illegitimate politics, which is when someone cannot get what they want by any other, more acceptable means.

Recognition

Identification of someone or something or person from previous encounters or knowledge.

Refusal

The act of refusing or denying