MYCOLOGY AND VIROLOGY NOTES 2024

Flashcards in the FILL_IN_THE_BLANK style based on the provided lecture notes on Mycology and Virology.

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is a specialized discipline in the field of biology concerned with the study of fungi, including their taxonomy, environmental impact, and genetic and biochemical properties.

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represent a ubiquitous and diverse group of organisms, the main purpose of which is to degrade organic matter.

__ -

in the cell wall

__ -

in the cell membrane

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organisms that live on dead or decaying matter

_ -

organisms that live together and in which the association is of mutual advantage

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organisms living in a close relationship in which one benefits from the relationship and the other neither benefits nor is harmed

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organisms that live on or within a host from which they derive benefits without making any useful contribution in return; in the case of pathogens, the relationship is harmful to the host

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Eukaryotic

_ -

produce moist, creamy, opaque, or pasty colonies on media

_ -

Multicellular

_ -

fluffy, cottony, woolly, or powdery colonies

grows at ___ -

35 c - 37 c

usually, the form -

Diagnostic

grows at -

room tempt.

__form -

Infectious

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microscopic unit of fungi; threadlike tubular structures

___ -

elongation of the tips

Sparsely Septate/ _ -

Septate

All fungi are septated except group (Absidia, Mucor, and Rhizopus)-

Zycomycetes

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intertwining structure/ mat-like structure composed of hypae

which grow _ the surface of the culture medium -

Vegetative

function in ___ -

Food absorption

tightly coiled _ or have swollen, branching tips that resemble moose antlers -

Spiral or coiled

Hypae contain enlarged, club-shaped areas _ -

Racquet

rootlike structures Hypae -

Rhizoids

Extend _ the agar -

above

Function is to support ___ called conidia or spores -

Reproductive structure

Nonpigmented or lightly pigmented Stain _* -

Pink - Red

Darkly pigmented due to _ in cell wall-

Melanin

• *_ stain- stain that is often used to determine hyphal pigmentation in tissue -

Fontana masson

one phase only; exist exclusively as either molds or yeast -

Monomorphic

capable of two phases; include a mold phase and a yeast or spherule phase -

Dimorphic

• temperature-dependent -

Thermally dimorphic

yeast and mold at the same culture -

Polymorphic

fungi that exhibit sexual phase -

Perfect

fungi capable of producing sexual spores -

Teleomorph

fusion of two identical cells arising from the same hypha -

Zygospores

involve the fusion of cells from two separate, nonidentical hyphae -

Oospores

contained in a club-shaped basidium -

Basidiospores

do not exhibit sexual phase; spores are produced asexually from the mycelium -

Imperfect

“ ”-

Fungi imperfecti

form producing asexual spores -

Anamorph

if there are more than one anamorph to a particular teleopmorph -

Synanamorph

asexual spores produced either singly or multiply in long chains or clusters by specialized vegetative hyphae, known as .-

Conindia

asexual spores produced either singly or multiply in long chains or clusters by specialized vegetative hyphae, known as .-

Conidiophores

secondary segments of the conidiophores which produce conidia -

Phialides

large; usually septate; and club, oval, or spindle shaped-

Macroconidia

small and unicellular-

Microconidia

asexual spores contained in sporangia (sacs) and produced terminally on sporangiospores or aseptate hypae-

Sporangioconindia

develop as the daughter cell buds off the mother cell and is pinched off-

Blastoconidia or Blastospore

thick-walled, resistant, resting spores producedby “rounding up” and enlargement of the terminal hyphal cells -

Chlamydoconidia or Chlamydospores

simple fragmentation of the mycelium at the septum into rectangular-, cylinder-, or cask- shaped spores-

Arthroconidia or Arthrospore

Asexual reproduction by formation of ____ -

Sporangiospores

Sexual reproduction by formation of ____ -

Zygospores

Sexual reproduction by formation of _ -

Ascospores

Sexual reproduction by formation of _ -

Basidiospores

Sexual Asexual Hypae Zygomycetes -

Zygospores

Sexual Asexual Hypae Ascomycetes -

Ascospores

Sexual Asexual Hypae Basidiomycetes -

Basidiospores

Sexual Asexual Hypae Deuteromycetes -

None

Spores Phylum Other Name Asexual -

Sporangiospores

_ - Causative agent of ___ piedra -

Piedra hortae

hard _ crust on the outside of the hair shaft, usually on the scalp -

Brown to black

___ (aka Trichosporon cutaneum) - Causative agent of ___ piedra -

Trychosporon beigelli

on the beard, axillae, scalp, or pubic region -

White

___ - Causative agent of __ and dandruff -

Malasezzia furfur

___ - Causative agent of __ and dandruff -

Tinea versicolor

Superficial ____ areas (light- skinned) -

Brownish or scaly non- pigmented or untanned

LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS - : yellow fluorescence -

Wood’s light

KOH preparation: appearance, bowling pin, pop bottle morphology -

Spaghetti / meatballs

SDA: with in 2-4 days at 30 degree celsius -

Olive oil / sterile mineral oil

_ (formerly Phaeoannellomyces werneckii, Cladosporium werneckii, Exophiala werneckii) - Causative agent of __ -

Hortaea werneckii

_ (formerly Phaeoannellomyces werneckii, Cladosporium werneckii, Exophiala werneckii) - Causative agent of __ -

Tinea nigra / Tinea nigra palmaris

• sometimes confused with ___ -

Malignant melanoma

-cause __ -

Tinea infection (ring worm)

Hair Follicle Tinea _ -

Microsporum favosa / favus

Hair Follicle Tinea favosa / ___ -

capitis

Scalp, Eyebrow, and Eyelashes Tinea _ -

Tinea capitis

Beard and Mustache Tinea _ -

Tinea barbae

Body (Glabrous Skin) Tinea _ -

Tinea corporis

Body (Distinctive lesion) Tinea _ -

Tinea imbricata

Groin Tinea _ -

Tinea cruris

Hands, Palm Tinea _ -

Tinea mannum

Feet Tinea _ -

Tinea pedis

Nail () Tinea -

onycomycosis/unguium

• - infects hair shafts -

Microsporum canis

REVERSE SIDE:___ -

Lemon yellow

WOOD’S LAMP: _ -

Bright yellow

RICE MEDIUM: ( ) -

+

Macroconidia: thick- walled, ___with spiny surfaces and curved tip , multi-septate-

Spindle shaped

• - INFECTS SOIL -

Microsporum gypseum

REVERSE SIDE: _ -

Rose brown

WOOD’S LAMP: _ -

No Fluorescence

RICE MEDIUM: ( ) -

+

Macroconidia: thick- walled, cigar-shaped with spiny surfaces and rounded tip; _-

Row boat shaped

ANTHROPHILIC -

Microsporum audouinii

Forms pectinate (comb-like) septate hyphae with _often with pointed ends -

Bizzare shaped

REVERSE SIDE: -

No fluorescent

WOOD’S LAMP: _ -

Bright yellow