macromolecules

6 common elements

6 common elements

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur

most common element

carbon

carbon forms macromolecules, such as(4)...

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids

the process in which macromolecules are formed

Polymerization

monomers joined together

polymers

Polymers are formed

dehydration synthesis

Carbohydrates form

cellulose

the reverse of dehydration synthesis, bonds between monomers are broken by adding water.

hydrolysis

single sugar monomers

monosaccharides

Monosaccharides include

anything that ends in (ose)

large macromolecules (polymers) formed from three or more monosaccharides

Polysaccharides

contructed from two monosaccharides by dehydration synthesis

Disaccharide

a polysaccharide that is the main component in the hard outer shell of animals such as shellfish

Chitin

storage molecules, which cells break down as needed to obtain sugar

polysaccharides

consists entirely of glucose monomers(carbohydrate) examples are pasta and rice

Starch

pasta, rice, bread, potatoes

Carbohydrates

elements in carbohydrates

C, H, O

Carbohydrate monomer

Monosaccharides

SHORT TERM ENERGY; Used for structural purposes (cell wall and exoskeletons)

Carbohydrate

3 carbohydrates that end in ose

glucose, lactose, galatose

fats, oils, waxes, steroids

Lipids

Elements of Lipids

Mostly C and H, also some O

Lipid monomers

Glycerol and 3 fatty acids

Lipid Function

Long term energy storage; Makes up the cell membrane

polymer of a lipid

triglyceride, or fat molecule

solid at room temperature; single bond carbon atom

Saturated Lipids

liquid at room temperature; double bond carbon atom

Unsaturated Lipids

Muscles, Skin, Hair, Enzymes

examples of Protein

elements of protein

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

protein monomer

amino acids

Functions of proteins(4 things)

transports substances between cells Forms bones and muscles Controls rate of chemical reactions regulates cell processes

DNA, RNA, ATP

Nucleic Acids

monomer of nucleic acids

nucleotides

functions of nucleic acids

Store and transmit genetic information

chicken, beef, pork, dairy, beans

protein