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esophagus
tube with an entrance located at the back of the mouth, goes to stomach
bolus travels down it to stomach through peristalsis
stomach
where the food you eat first goes in the process of digestion (not in the digestive system, that is the mouth)
highly acidic (very low pH)
pepsin (breaks down proteins)
mucus layer
small intestine
where food (chyme) goes after stomach in digestive process
enzymes from pancreas and gallbladder and liver are released into here to digest food
amylase: starches
trypsin: proteins
lipase:fats
folded lining covered in villi and microvilli
absorption starts here with the microvilli absorbing carbs and proteins into cappilaries and fats and fatty acids being absorvbed into the lymph of the microvilli
nucleases
breaks down nucleic acids
lipases
breaks down fat
bile
breaks down salts and allows it to be broken down by water
alimentary canal
the whole digestive system
accessory organs
Pancreas: produces enzymes (lipase, amylase & trypsin) and buffers (sodium bicarbonate) used by the small intestine.
Liver: produces bile.
Gallbladder: stores bile and releases it into the small intestine
salivary glands
produce saliva
produce salivary amylase during ingestion and digestion
facilitate swallowing, taste, chewing, speech, etc.
part of chemical digestion
teeth
help with digestion
mechanical digestion
appendix
stores good bacteria
rectum
receives stool from the colon
sends signals to the brain abt stool
glycosidases
breaks down glycosidic bonds
proteases
breaks down protein
ingestion
the process of taking food in
starts in the mouth
digestion
starts in the mouth
chemical: salivary amylase is released from the salivary glands in the mouth to break the chemical bonds of starches into sugars
mechanical: chewing food into a bolus
bolus moves down the throat and esophagus and enters the stomach where it is broken apart by acidic gastric juice
pepsin: proteins
mucus protects stomach
creates chyme
goes to small intestine and mixes with chemicals from the liver (bile) and pancreas (lipase, amylase, trypsin)
pancreas releases sodium bicarbonate (base) into small intestine which nuetralizes chyme (acidic)
absorption
microvilli of the small intestine absorb the nutrients
carbohydrates and proteins by capillaries
fats and fatty acids into lymph
the large intestine then removes water from the chyme
bacteria produce some absorbable vitamins
elimination
final step in the digestive system
colon, rectum, anus
self-explanatory
pancreas
produces enzymes (lipase, amylase & trypsin) and buffers (sodium bicarbonate) used by the small intestine
liver
produces bile
gallbladder
stores bile and releases it into the small intestine
colon (large intestine)
he large intestine removes water from the chyme
peristalsis
The wave-like contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle tissue that moves “food” through the esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine