Honors Physical Science Nine Weeks Test Review

Vocabulary flashcards for Honors Physical Science Nine Weeks Test Review

Solid

Definite shape and volume

Liquid

Definite volume, not shape

Gas

No definite shape or volume

Plasma

Most common state of matter in the universe

Solubility

Amount of solute that can dissolve in a certain amount of solvent

Heat of Fusion

Energy needed to turn a solid into a liquid

Heat of Vaporization

Energy needed to turn a liquid into a gas

Kinetic Molecular Theory

Particles are Always in motion, more energy-faster motion

Solute

Substance that is dissolved

Solvent

Substance doing the dissolving

Solution

Homogeneous mixture

Factors that affect dissolving rate

Factors are stirring, heat, particle size, surface area

Saturated Solution

Max solute

Supersaturated Solution

More than max solute

Unsaturated Solution

Less than max solute

Temperature Definition

Measure of avg KE

Tyndall Effect

Scattering of light by a mixture

Why Water is a good solvent for ionic compounds

Water is Polar, breaks ionic bonds

Colloid Examples

milk, fog, gelatin

Examples of viscous liquids

syrup

Law of Conservation of Mass

Mass can't be created or destroyed in reactions

Ionic Bond

Metal + Nonmetal

Covalent Bond

Nonmetal + Nonmetal

Metals

Lose e (-)-Cations

Nonmetals

Gain e (-)-Anions

Valence Electrons

Outer-most energy level

Number of electrons in outer shell for stability

8 Electrons

Substances that contain ionic bonds are usually solid

High melting point

Coefficients

Show molecular amount

Catalysts

Increase rate 100%

Combustion

Has O2

Endergonic, Endothermic

Absorbs heat

Exergonic, Exothermic

Releases energy

Precipitate

Solid formed from solution during a reaction

Atomic Number

of Protons

Similarities of elements in a group

Same # of ve similar reactivity

Mass Number

Protons + Neutrons

Relationship between protons and electrons

P+=e-

Relationship between electron location and energy

Further from nucleus: more energy

Isotopes

Atoms of same element, diff #no (diff mass)

Valence electrons based on group

Group #

Number of electrons in 1st, 2nd, and 3rd energy levels

1st:2 2nd:8 3rd:18

How to determine number of neutrons in an isotope

mass # - atomic #

What causes an unstable nucleus

Too many p/no

Describe the nucleus

Dense, center, contains P+/no

what similarities do elements in the same period have

Same amount of energy levels

where are the transition metals

In the dip

location of metals, nonmetals and metalloids and characteristics

Metals: left Nonmetals: right

names of groups

Metals: Alkaline earth, Halogens, Noble gase

Most reactive metals and nonmetals

Fr & F (bottom left & upper right)