WHISP Unit 6 European Exploration Conquest & Colonization Vocab

Three G’s

God, Gold, and Glory; the motivations for exploration and colonization during the Age of Discovery.

Vasco de Gama ?

A Portuguese explorer who was the first to reach India by sea in 1498. He opened a sea route to Asia and significantly enhanced European trade.

Three G’s

God, Gold, and Glory; the motivations for exploration and colonization during the Age of Discovery.

Vasco de Gama ?

A Portuguese explorer who was the first to reach India by sea in 1498. He opened a sea route to Asia and significantly enhanced European trade.

Cartaz ?

A trading pass issued by the Portuguese to control trade in the Indian Ocean and regulate foreign merchant activity.

Aztec Empire ?

A Mesoamerican civilization that was dominant in present-day Mexico from 1200-1521, known for its rich culture, architectural achievements, and eventual conquest by Spanish conquistadors.

Inca Empire ?

A Mesoamerican civilization that flourished in the Andes region in modern day Peru, from 1400-1535, known for extensive road systems, and remarkable architectural achievements like Machu Picchu. Fell to Spanish conquistadors.

Christopher Columbus ?

An Italian explorer who completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean, opening the way for the widespread European exploration and colonization of the Americas. He is often credited with discovering the New World for Spain in 1492.

Francisco Pizarro ?

A Spanish conquistador who led the expedition that conquered the Inca Empire in present-day Peru in the 1530s, playing a pivotal role in Spanish colonization of South America.

Atahualpa ?

The last emperor of the Inca Empire, who was captured by Francisco Pizarro during the Spanish conquest in 1532. He was ultimately executed, which marked the end of the Inca Empire.

Treaty of Tordesillas ?

An agreement between Spain and Portugal, signed in 1494, that divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe between them along a meridian 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde islands.

Columbian Exchange ?

The widespread transfer of resources, animals, disease, and culture between the Europe (Old World) and the Americas (New World) following Columbus's voyages in the late 15th century.

Conquistadors ?

Spanish explorers and soldiers who led military expeditions in the Americas during the age of exploration, known for their conquests of indigenous civilizations such as the Aztecs and Incas.

Colonization

The process of establishing control over a foreign territory, often involving the settlement of people and the exploitation of resources, notably by European powers during the age of exploration.

Encomienda System

A system that granted Spanish settlers the right to legally extract labor and tribute from indigenous people in the Americas, often leading to severe exploitation and abuses.

Valladoid Debate

Congregation for moral debate on the treatment of Indigenous people theld in 1550, to decide if it is ethical to enslave Indigenous people. The verdict was that they should not be enslaved.

Mercantilism

The belief that a country’s power depends on wealth. with the ultimate goal being a favorable balance of wealth. This economic system dominated European trade.

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