Biology Miosis, Mitosis, Mendalian Inheritance, Photsynthesis

What is photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose, using carbon dioxide and water.

What is the cell cycle?

The cell cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication of its DNA to produce two daughter cells.

What is meiosis?

Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, creating four haploid cells from one diploid cell, essential for sexual reproduction.

What is mitosis?

Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells from a single parent cell.

What is meiosis?

Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, creating four haploid cells from one diploid cell, essential for sexual reproduction.

What are the phases of meiosis?

Meiosis consists of two main phases: Meiosis I and Meiosis II.

What occurs during Meiosis I?

Meiosis I is divided into several stages: 1. Prophase I: Chromosomes condense, and homologous chromosomes pair up to form tetrads. Crossing-over occurs. 2. Metaphase I: Tetrads align at the cell's equator. 3. Anaphase I: Homologous chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite poles. 4. Telophase I & Cytokinesis: Two new cells form, each with half the number of chromosomes.

What occurs during Meiosis II?

Meiosis II is similar to mitosis and includes these phases: 1. Prophase II: Chromosomes condense again. 2. Metaphase II: Chromosomes align at the equator of each cell. 3. Anaphase II: Sister chromatids are separated to opposite poles. 4. Telophase II & Cytokinesis: Four haploid cells are formed, each genetically distinct.

What is mitosis?

Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells from a single parent cell.

What are the phases of mitosis?

Mitosis is divided into several stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

What occurs during prophase in mitosis?

In prophase, chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and spindle fibers form.

What occurs during metaphase in mitosis?

In metaphase, chromosomes align at the equatorial plane of the cell, and spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of the chromosomes.

What occurs during anaphase in mitosis?

In anaphase, sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell by the spindle fibers.

What occurs during telophase in mitosis?

In telophase, chromosomes de-condense back into chromatin, the nuclear envelope reforms around each set of chromosomes, and the cell prepares to divide.

What is Cytokinesis?

Cytokinesis is the process that follows mitosis (or meiosis) where the cytoplasm divides, resulting in two daughter cells.

What is Mendelian inheritance?

Mendelian inheritance refers to the patterns of inheritance of traits that are transmitted from parents to offspring, as discovered by Gregor Mendel, involving dominant and recessive alleles.

What are alleles?

Alleles are different forms of a gene that can exist at a specific locus on a chromosome, where one may be dominant and the other recessive.

What is the law of segregation?

The law of segregation states that during the formation of gametes, the two alleles for a trait separate so that each gamete carries only one allele for each gene.

What is the law of independent assortment?

The law of independent assortment states that genes for different traits segregate independently of one another in gamete formation.

What is a genotype?

A genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism, representing the combination of alleles for a given trait.

What is a phenotype?

A phenotype is the physical expression or characteristics of a genotype, influenced by both genetic and environmental factors.

What is a dominant allele?

A dominant allele is an allele that expresses its trait in the presence of another allele, masking the effect of a recessive allele.

What is a recessive allele?

A recessive allele is an allele that only expresses its trait when two copies are present; it is masked by a dominant allele.

What is a homozygous genotype?

A homozygous genotype has two identical alleles for a specific gene, either dominant or recessive.

What is a heterozygous genotype?

A heterozygous genotype has two different alleles for a specific gene, one dominant and one recessive.

What is a Punnett square?

A Punnett square is a diagram used to predict the outcome of a genetic cross by showing the combinations of alleles from the parents.

What is a test cross?

A test cross is a genetic cross between an individual with an unknown genotype and a homozygous recessive individual to determine the unknown genotype.

Meiosis consists of two main phases: and .

Meiosis I and Meiosis II.

During _ of Meiosis I, homologous chromosomes pair up to form tetrads and crossing-over occurs.

Prophase I.

In _ of Meiosis I, tetrads align at the cell's equator before the chromosomes are separated.

Metaphase I.

During _ of Meiosis II, sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell.

Anaphase II.

At the end of Meiosis, a total of _ haploid cells are formed, each genetically distinct.

four.

Mitosis is divided into several stages: prophase, , anaphase, and telophase.

metaphase.

In prophase, chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and fibers form.

spindle.

In metaphase, chromosomes align at the plane of the cell, and spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of the chromosomes.

equatorial.

In anaphase, sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell by the fibers.

spindle.

In telophase, chromosomes de-condense back into chromatin, the nuclear envelope around each set of chromosomes.

reforms.