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MISS SHAZ
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political animal
Man is by nature a ?
Naturally
The human kind is (blank) Political
socially
We are (blank) connected, grouped, and have roles in our communities
law and justice
As political animals we are the best, and most reliable. However, if we remove or separate ourselves from (blank) we may wreak havoc.
intelligence and virtue
We have (blank), hence, we should utilize our capabilities towards development,
Justice
(Blank) is the bond that men have with the state. It is essential in a political society.
Justice
is what keeps us intact and in order with the political society
majority
Individually, we are inferior to a wise man, but in multitudes or masses we have better judgment than any man. Basically, the (blank) is more powerful than one man.
Middle class
A good or the best political community has a (blank) to balance the social spectrum as it promotes a moderate and sufficient property for all statuses.
poor
If the (blank) reigns, countless troubles may arise and the state would come to an end
rich
If the (blank) reign, currency will have no value and our economy will collapse. How will a rich person or sector be defined if there are no poor sectors or masses to compare it to.
Oligarchy
A small group of people controlling the country; These people may or may not be distinguished by one or several characteristics, such as nobility, fame, wealth, education, or corporate, religious, political, or military control.
Demagogues
In democracies the law is upheld and the masses are the center of purpose and causes. There is no place for
Demagogues
a political leader who seeks support by appealing to the desires and prejudices of ordinary people rather than by using rational argument.
good citizens
In a state where the law is high and respected. The citizens are subject to follow and are (blank)
supreme
If laws are not (blank). The people may act as monarch and hold absolute power
Revolutionary feeling
(Blank)… is the desire for equality.
equality
People revolt all in the pursuit of seeking and attaining (blank);
Democracy
One of POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY’S main concerns is an analysis and comprehensive understanding of the making for (blank)
stable democracy
to have a (blank), is to have the presence and manifestation of Conflict or Cleavage.
Conflict or cleavage
to have a Stable Democracy, is to have the presence and manifestation of (blank).
shift
The purpose of CONFLICT/CLEAVAGE
- To allow a (blank) of parties in office.
shift
To allow a (blank) of parties in office.
This is to make sure that there will be opposition to the current administration. In a democracy, there should be people who criticize the current government and to not let them dwell in their positions above
Consensus
Is the recognition of those in position or in the political office towards the rights of those outside their political circle (Opposing).
Cleavage
may be sourced from the integration of communities into politics. Such examples would be trade and labor unions being involved in government work, or having political positions.
Sociology of Politics
(Blank) was brought into fruition during the Modern Society
Modern Society
Sociology of politics was brought into fruition during the (Blank)
society, state
Occurrences during the crises of the Reformation era and the Industrial Revolution generally exposed for the first time the difference between (blank) and (blank)
Bodin
He formulated for the first time the principle of sovereignty of the state. Exposing its uniqueness and separating it from other institutions within the nation to justify and explain its primacy, especially in a time where religious conflict was rampant.
Primacy of the state
the state of being first (as in importance, order, or rank) : preeminence (Merriam Webster);The importance of state as one top standing institution above other institutions.
Karl Marx
He believed that the center of studying politics are the conflicts that arise.
Karl Marx
He saw consensus as independent alternatives, as individual elements, rather than being balanced as one.
Karl Marx
Basically, he viewed society to either be in constant conflict, even when suppressed. OR with consensus, but never combined as one.
Karl Marx
Consensus, Harmony, and integration to him is = COMMUNIST FUTURE
Communism
is seen as the ultimate stage in this progression, following the stages of feudalism, capitalism, and socialism. (and to an extent the communist past)
Primitive Communism
(refers to the earliest form of human society, as conceptualized by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. It describes a stage in human prehistory where social organization was based on communal ownership and egalitarian relationships, with no private property, social classes, or state structures)
State and Society
As societies became more secular, what were the two new non-religious (secular) ways argued that would create the same sense of unity and shared values as religion once did?
independent
The mistake of the state or society dilemma was that the society and state were viewed as (blank) elements.
state, political,social
Now, the conclusion of the dilemma is that the (blank) is just one of the many (blank)institutions that are only one of the many (blank) institutions
Special Province
These clusters all create the (blank) of sociology of politics
Consensus and conflict
Now, just fairly recently, the problem does not circulate on which is better between focusing on the state or society. The underlying MAIN DILEMMA now is how to get the proper balance of what?
French revolution
when did the dilemma about the conflict v. consensus came into fruition
Proletarian revolution
This refers to a key concept in Marxist theory, referring to a revolutionary movement led by the proletariat (the working class) to overthrow the bourgeoisie (the capitalist class) and establish a socialist or communist society. )
Society of Conflict
This is one of Marx’s theorized two types of societies wherein it is a destructive kind of society to human dignity and this must be destroyed.
Society of Harmony
For Marx, This type of society he sees to not need any kind of democratic institutions. (eg. division of power, bill of rights, etc.).
Tocqueville
His theory recognizes social units and the necessity for conflict to arise in these said units. Hence, he does not entirely view conflict and consensus to be individual entities. Rather, he emphasizes that these units should maintain political cleavage and political consensus simultaneously.
Tocqueville
An example of his theory applied to real life are the federal and state governments, Congress and the president. All are independent from each other as a government however tension is needed for all to function and continue. They also should depend on each other to maintain stability of consensus.
Pluralistic Political System
Tocqueville however was afraid of a (blank) because it might undermine smaller groups, conflict may arise from a dominant group, and there might be no political competition all leading to meaningless politics.
apathy, consensus
Tocqueville believes that “(blank) undermines “(blank” which says that when people are indifferent, disengaged, or don't care about an issue, it weakens the ability of a group or society to reach a common agreement or make collective decisions.
New leviathan
Tocqueville refers this term to any large, controlling force in today’s world—whether it’s a government, a corporation, or another powerful institution. A modern version of a big, powerful entity that controls or influences a lot of what happens in society
Local government , voluntary association
Tocqueville suggested two institutions to combat the new leviathan:(blank) and (blank)
Opiate of the masses
This was the term Marx assigned to religions as he believed that religions, like a drug, can dull people's awareness of the hardships they face and keep them from seeking change.
Tocqueville
Somewhat similar to Marx, he also saw Religion as ‘opiative’, but he saw it as another form of hope for the masses. He saw Religious belief to be a necessity to directly balance out political liberty.
Weber, Michels
In the twentieth century, thinkers such as (blank) AND (blank) focused more on the SOCIAL POLITICAL CONDITIONS OF BUREAUCRATIZED SOCIETY.
democracy, bureaucracy
Weber and Michels were the first to explain that the problem of modern politics is not socialism and capitalism, rather it is the relationship between (blank) and (blank).
Political Parties
The main cleavage of elections are the (blank)
Bureaucracy
This term refers to a body of government officials who are not elected but form an administrative policy making group. In old times, this term referred to a government administration which was formed by non-elected officials and run by departments that are employed by them.
bureaucratization
According to Weber, (blank) is present in all societies, it is inevitable.
Weber
He believed that bureaucracy was needed in a highly industrial society. He then viewed bureaucratization as the main highlight and ignition to institutional change and to combat cohesion.
Weber
He feared that a superstate could concentrate too much power in the hands of a central authority, leading to the erosion of due process and the rule of law.
Michels
he believed that oligarchy is common in large organizations and even in the state it is inherent. He witnessed the pattern of oligarchy in bureaucratic socialist parties.
Voting
Referred to as the key mechanism of consensus in democratic society.
Bureaucratic Political Neutrality
This means that government officials and employees should not let their personal political beliefs influence their work. They must perform their duties fairly and impartially, regardless of who is in power or what political party they support.
Tocqueville
Whose answer was this to the given question?
“To what extent does the fact that various voluntary associations are not democratic make a difference in their effectiveness as instruments of social and political cohesion?”
Comparative politics
It is the systematic study and comparison of the diverse political systems in the world.
Democracy
is a system of government in which power is vested in the people, who exercise it either directly or through elected representatives.
Schema Theory
This theory promotes that even with lack of proper political knowledge, humans have the natural understanding and logical essence to vote based on their structured beliefs.
Decision making heuristics
This is by not commanding nor fully informing the voters dictatefully, rather this pushes them to know their political decisions on their own. Knowing or understanding it from another standpoint, from other people.
Economic development
Condition for the making of democracy:
- For a country to practice an effective democracy it must enjoy an economic development
-For the government to afford on sustaining the needs of the peopl
Democracy
It is important because it provides a framework for freedom, equality, and justice. It empowers citizens to have a say in decisions that affect their lives, promoting accountability and transparency in governance.
Education
-However, the population should be educated when it comes to democratic ideas.
-People must understand the process or the concept of democracy.
A condition for the making of democracy
Civil Society
-The private sector or people who hold the same values and beliefs
-they can actually advocate although not be the direct person who makes the law
-These groups advocate for public interests, hold leaders accountable, and ensure that diverse voices are heard in the policymaking process.
Political Culture
-The culture of your country must be aligned with democratic ideals such as freedom, equality and participation.
-When these democratic ideals are embedded in your society, they create an environment where democratic institutions can flourish and remain stable over time
- One of the four areas of political behavior
International Environment
-If you are surrounded by countries practicing real democracy it will help one’s country to practice such
-Being part of a global community that respects democratic norms helps reinforce a country’s own commitment to transparency, human rights, and citizen participation, making its democracy more robust.
Political cognition
This examines how people perceive and interpret political events
Political sophistication
This refers to the depth of understanding and complexity of political knowledge an individual possesses.
Political Socialization
- One of the 4 areas of political behaviour
-This impacts how effectively people analyze political issues, evaluate candidates, and make informed decisions, thereby influencing their overall political behavior and engagement.
Voting behavior
-Process of voting choice
-Pertains to the decision-making process voters undergo when selecting candidates or parties in elections.
-It is a critical component of political behavior, reflecting how individuals' preferences and judgments shape election outcomes and, consequently, the political landscape.
-One of the four areas of political behaviour
Political participation
-The nature of citizen participation in politics
-It is a direct manifestation of political behavior and can vary in intensity and formality, from casual involvement to more organized and strategic actions aimed at shaping political outcomes.
-one of the four areas of political behaviour.
Socio psychological Approach
Stressed on the influence of personal resources, attitudes, and institutional structures in explaining patterns of action.
Rationalist approach
centers on whether a person is going to participate if they benefit more than they contribute (most likely, monetarily)