POS 1103

MISS SHAZ

political animal

Man is by nature a ?

Naturally

The human kind is (blank) Political

socially

We are (blank) connected, grouped, and have roles in our communities

law and justice

As political animals we are the best, and most reliable. However, if we remove or separate ourselves from (blank) we may wreak havoc.

intelligence and virtue

We have (blank), hence, we should utilize our capabilities towards development,

Justice

(Blank) is the bond that men have with the state. It is essential in a political society.

Justice

is what keeps us intact and in order with the political society

majority

Individually, we are inferior to a wise man, but in multitudes or masses we have better judgment than any man. Basically, the (blank) is more powerful than one man.

Middle class

A good or the best political community has a (blank) to balance the social spectrum as it promotes a moderate and sufficient property for all statuses.

poor

If the (blank) reigns, countless troubles may arise and the state would come to an end

rich

If the (blank) reign, currency will have no value and our economy will collapse. How will a rich person or sector be defined if there are no poor sectors or masses to compare it to.

Oligarchy

A small group of people controlling the country; These people may or may not be distinguished by one or several characteristics, such as nobility, fame, wealth, education, or corporate, religious, political, or military control.

Demagogues

In democracies the law is upheld and the masses are the center of purpose and causes. There is no place for

Demagogues

 a political leader who seeks support by appealing to the desires and prejudices of ordinary people rather than by using rational argument.

good citizens

In a state where the law is high and respected. The citizens are subject to follow and are (blank)

supreme

If laws are not (blank). The people may act as monarch and hold absolute power

Revolutionary feeling

(Blank)… is the desire for equality.

equality

People revolt all in the pursuit of seeking and attaining (blank);

Democracy

One of POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY’S main concerns is an analysis and comprehensive understanding of the making for (blank)

stable democracy

to have a (blank), is to have the presence and manifestation of Conflict or Cleavage.

Conflict or cleavage

to have a Stable Democracy, is to have the presence and manifestation of (blank).

shift

The purpose of CONFLICT/CLEAVAGE

- To allow a (blank) of parties in office.

shift

To allow a (blank) of parties in office.

This is to make sure that there will be opposition to the current administration. In a democracy, there should be people who criticize the current government and to not let them dwell in their positions above

Consensus

Is the recognition of those in position or in the political office towards the rights of those outside their political circle (Opposing).

Cleavage

may be sourced from the integration of communities into politics. Such examples would be trade and labor unions being involved in government work, or having political positions.

Sociology of Politics

(Blank) was brought into fruition during the Modern Society

Modern Society

Sociology of politics was brought into fruition during the (Blank)

society, state

Occurrences during the crises of the Reformation era and the Industrial Revolution generally exposed for the first time the difference between (blank) and (blank)

Bodin

He formulated for the first time the principle of sovereignty of the state. Exposing its uniqueness and separating it from other institutions within the nation to justify and explain its primacy, especially in a time where religious conflict was rampant.

Primacy of the state

the state of being first (as in importance, order, or rank) : preeminence (Merriam Webster);The importance of state as one top standing institution above other institutions.

Karl Marx

He believed that the center of studying politics are the conflicts that arise.

Karl Marx

He saw consensus as independent alternatives, as individual elements, rather than being balanced as one.

Karl Marx

Basically, he viewed society to either be in constant conflict, even when suppressed. OR with consensus, but never combined as one.

Karl Marx

Consensus, Harmony, and integration to him is = COMMUNIST FUTURE

Communism

is seen as the ultimate stage in this progression, following the stages of feudalism, capitalism, and socialism. (and to an extent the communist past)

Primitive Communism

(refers to the earliest form of human society, as conceptualized by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. It describes a stage in human prehistory where social organization was based on communal ownership and egalitarian relationships, with no private property, social classes, or state structures)

State and Society

As societies became more secular, what were the two new non-religious (secular) ways argued that would create the same sense of unity and shared values as religion once did?

independent

The mistake of the state or society dilemma was that the society and state were viewed as (blank) elements.

state, political,social

Now, the conclusion of the dilemma is that the (blank) is just one of the many (blank)institutions that are only one of the many (blank) institutions

Special Province

These clusters all create the (blank) of sociology of politics

Consensus and conflict

Now, just fairly recently, the problem does not circulate on which is better between focusing on the state or society. The underlying MAIN DILEMMA now is how to get the proper balance of what?

French revolution

when did the dilemma about the conflict v. consensus came into fruition

Proletarian revolution

This refers to a key concept in Marxist theory, referring to a revolutionary movement led by the proletariat (the working class) to overthrow the bourgeoisie (the capitalist class) and establish a socialist or communist society. )

Society of Conflict

This is one of Marx’s theorized two types of societies wherein it is a destructive kind of society to human dignity and this must be destroyed.

Society of Harmony

For Marx, This type of society he sees to not need any kind of democratic institutions. (eg. division of power, bill of rights, etc.).

Tocqueville

His theory recognizes social units and the necessity for conflict to arise in these said units. Hence, he does not entirely view conflict and consensus to be individual entities. Rather, he emphasizes that these units should maintain political cleavage and political consensus simultaneously.

Tocqueville

An example of his theory applied to real life are the federal and state governments, Congress and the president. All are independent from each other as a government however tension is needed for all to function and continue. They also should depend on each other to maintain stability of consensus.

Pluralistic Political System

Tocqueville however was afraid of a (blank) because it might undermine smaller groups, conflict may arise from a dominant group, and there might be no political competition all leading to meaningless politics.

apathy, consensus

Tocqueville believes that “(blank) undermines “(blank” which says that when people are indifferent, disengaged, or don't care about an issue, it weakens the ability of a group or society to reach a common agreement or make collective decisions.

New leviathan

Tocqueville refers this term to any large, controlling force in today’s world—whether it’s a government, a corporation, or another powerful institution.  A modern version of a big, powerful entity that controls or influences a lot of what happens in society

Local government , voluntary association

Tocqueville suggested two institutions to combat the new leviathan:(blank) and (blank)

Opiate of the masses

This was the term Marx assigned to religions as he believed that religions, like a drug, can dull people's awareness of the hardships they face and keep them from seeking change.

Tocqueville

Somewhat similar to Marx, he also saw Religion as ‘opiative’, but he saw it as another form of hope for the masses. He saw Religious belief to be a necessity to directly balance out political liberty.

Weber, Michels

In the twentieth century, thinkers such as (blank) AND (blank) focused more on the SOCIAL POLITICAL CONDITIONS OF BUREAUCRATIZED SOCIETY.

democracy, bureaucracy

Weber and Michels were the first to explain that the problem of modern politics is not socialism and capitalism, rather it is the relationship between (blank) and (blank).

Political Parties

The main cleavage of elections are the (blank)

Bureaucracy

This term refers to a body of government officials who are not elected but form an administrative policy making group. In old times, this term referred to a government administration which was formed by non-elected officials and run by departments that are employed by them.

bureaucratization

According to Weber, (blank) is present in all societies, it is inevitable.

Weber

He believed that bureaucracy was needed in a highly industrial society. He then viewed bureaucratization as the main highlight and ignition to institutional change and to combat cohesion.

Weber

He feared that a superstate could concentrate too much power in the hands of a central authority, leading to the erosion of due process and the rule of law.

Michels

he believed that oligarchy is common in large organizations and even in the state it is inherent. He witnessed the pattern of oligarchy in bureaucratic socialist parties.

Voting

Referred to as the key mechanism of consensus in democratic society.

Bureaucratic Political Neutrality

This means that government officials and employees should not let their personal political beliefs influence their work. They must perform their duties fairly and impartially, regardless of who is in power or what political party they support.

Tocqueville

Whose answer was this to the given question?

“To what extent does the fact that various voluntary associations are not democratic make a difference in their effectiveness as instruments of social and political cohesion?”

Comparative politics

It is the systematic study and comparison of the diverse political systems in the world.

Democracy

is a system of government in which power is vested in the people, who exercise it either directly or through elected representatives.

Schema Theory

This theory promotes that even with lack of proper political knowledge, humans have the natural understanding and logical essence to vote based on their structured beliefs.

Decision making heuristics

This is by not commanding nor fully informing the voters dictatefully, rather this pushes them to know their political decisions on their own. Knowing or understanding it from another standpoint, from other people.

Economic development

Condition for the making of democracy:
- For a country to practice an effective democracy it must enjoy an economic development

-For the government to afford on sustaining the needs of the peopl

Democracy

It is important because it provides a framework for freedom, equality, and justice. It empowers citizens to have a say in decisions that affect their lives, promoting accountability and transparency in governance.

Education

-However, the population should be educated when it comes to democratic ideas.
-People must understand the process or the concept of democracy.

• A condition for the making of democracy

Civil Society

-The private sector or people who hold the same values and beliefs

-they can actually advocate although not be the direct person who makes the law

-These groups advocate for public interests, hold leaders accountable, and ensure that diverse voices are heard in the policymaking process.

Political Culture

-The culture of your country must be aligned with democratic ideals such as freedom, equality and participation.

-When these democratic ideals are embedded in your society, they create an environment where democratic institutions can flourish and remain stable over time
- One of the four areas of political behavior

International Environment

-If you are surrounded by countries practicing real democracy it will help one’s country to practice such

-Being part of a global community that respects democratic norms helps reinforce a country’s own commitment to transparency, human rights, and citizen participation, making its democracy more robust.

Political cognition

This examines how people perceive and interpret political events

Political sophistication

This refers to the depth of understanding and complexity of political knowledge an individual possesses.

Political Socialization

- One of the 4 areas of political behaviour
-This impacts how effectively people analyze political issues, evaluate candidates, and make informed decisions, thereby influencing their overall political behavior and engagement.

Voting behavior

-Process of voting choice
-Pertains to the decision-making process voters undergo when selecting candidates or parties in elections.
-It is a critical component of political behavior, reflecting how individuals' preferences and judgments shape election outcomes and, consequently, the political landscape.
-One of the four areas of political behaviour

Political participation

-The nature of citizen participation in politics
-It is a direct manifestation of political behavior and can vary in intensity and formality, from casual involvement to more organized and strategic actions aimed at shaping political outcomes.
-one of the four areas of political behaviour.

Socio psychological Approach

Stressed on the influence of personal resources, attitudes, and institutional structures in explaining patterns of action.

Rationalist approach

centers on whether a person is going to participate if they benefit more than they contribute (most likely, monetarily)