Science Long Quiz Review

Epididymis

Once sperm are produced by the testes they move into and mature in the _____

Carry both semen and urine but not at the same time

The purpose of the urethra is to ____.

Hormones

The menstrual cycle is triggered each month by ___

Fallopian tube

Fertilization usually takes place in the ____

Testicles

The male hormone testosterone is produced by ______

Zygote

Fertilized egg is called ___

Scrotum

Keeps testes outside the body and below body temperature

* One of the external male reproductive organs (external meaning outside)

Ejaculation occurs

Semen leaves the male boy when the penis erect and _____

Sperm

Name given to the male gamete?

Seminiferous tubules

Sperm production begins in the ______

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Production of testosterone in the interstitial cells is stimulated by ____

Endometrium

The layer of the uterine wall that is shed during menstruation is the ___.

Semen

Substance produced by the seminal vesicles and prostate gland is known as ___

Gamete

Another name for sex cell is ___

Endocrine glands

Produce and secrete hormones into the bloodstream

Hormones

Chemical messengers secreted by endocrine glands, and transported by the bloodstream are

Only a neighboring cell

When a hormone is released it will have its effect at

Endocrine system

All the cells, tissues, and glands that secrete hormones are called

Gigantism

This disorder is caused by the hypersecretion of growth hormone (GH) from the anterior pituitary

Hypothyroidism

The disorder that is an enlargement of the thyroid gland due to dietary iodine deficiency is called ______

Calcitonin

Controls the calcium levels in the bloodstream

Insulin

Controls the level of sugar in the blood

Thyroid

This gland secretes thyroxine which controls iodine in the blood

TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone)

It stimulates thyroid gland to release specific hormones

Adrenaline

Controls the “fight or flight” response of the body.

ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)

It stimulates the adrenal gland to release specific hormones.

Oxytocin

Released by hypothalamus to control muscle contraction of uterus

ADH (antidiuretic hormone)

Regulates body temperature, blood pressure and water supply

Glucogen

Stimulates the liver to convert glycogen to glucose.

The order of its Nitrogen bases (A - T / C - G)

The genetic information in a DNA molecule is determined by ___

A phosphate group

DNA is made of a 5-carbon sugar, a nitrogen base, and ____

* Adenine
* Guanine
* Cytosine
* Thymine

The 4 Nitrogen bases of DNA are

DNA to RNA to protein

By the processes of transcription and translation, the genetic information of a cell passes from:

\

Differences between DNA and RNA

Genes

Codons are grouped together to form ___ which are translated into one protein.

Transcription

DNA is copied to a strand of mRNA (messenger RNA) during the process of ___

T-T-G-A-A-C

A strand of DNA with the sequence A-A-C-T-T-G will produce a complementary strand during **DNA replication**

* DNA:

Apple in the **T**ree, **C**ar in the **G**arage

C-U-A-A-C

A DNA chain has the following sequence of bases: G-A-T-T-G. The matching **m-RNA** strand should have which sequence?

* m-RNA:

**A**pples are **U**nder, **C**ar in the **G**arage

Codons

Three bases are group together to form a ____

Pentose sugar, phosphate group and a base

DNA and m-RNA contain _____

Anticodon for UAG

STOP

Point mutation

Single base substitution

64

How many different ways can 4 bases combine?

Different number of carbon

Deoxyribose (5) differs glucose (6) because ___

Estrogen and progesterone

2 Hormones in the ovary

Stimulates secondary sex characteristics

Function of testosterone

Menstruation

Stage of menstrual cycle that breaks the wall

Parathyroid Hormone

It regulates the minerals in the body-calcium and phosphorus in the bloodstream.

To regulate daily activities of the body and controls its overall development

Endocrine System are consists of many glands which secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream to _____ and ______

Gland - Hormones

A ____ is the smallest living unit in the body that produces and releases chemical substance called _____

Negative feedback

Control system to reduce or minimize any changes or conditions of the body, which keeps the whole body system stable.

Thermostat

The Endocrine System is similar to a _____ because it may turn on when the temperature is below normal and may turn off when the temperature is above normal.

10,000

The human body contains at least ____ different kinds of proteins.

20

There are __ different amino acids (building blocks of protein)