Haploid and Diploid Cells in Mitosis and Meiosis

Haploid

A cell with one complete set of chromosomes (n).

Diploid

A cell with two complete sets of chromosomes (2n).

Chromosome

The entire X-shaped structure.

Sister Chromatids

Two identical halves of the chromosome.

Centromere

The region where sister chromatids are joined.

Cohesin

Proteins holding sister chromatids together.

Kinetochores

Protein complexes on the centromere for spindle attachment.

Daughter cells

After mitosis, each ________________ has one set of chromosomes.

Zygote

The fertilized egg, which is diploid, as it has two sets of chromosomes from each parent.

Total Chromosomes in Diploid Cell

4 chromosomes (two pairs).

Total Chromatids

Haploid (n = 2): 2 chromatids. Diploid (n = 2): 4 chromatids.

Homologous Chromosomes

In the diploid cell, label the pairs of chromosomes as homologs (similar chromosomes from each parent).

Genetic Variation in Meiosis

The crossing over during Prophase I causes _________

Prophase I

Chromosomes pair and undergo crossing over.

Metaphase I

Homologous chromosomes align at the center.

Anaphase I

Homologs separate to opposite poles.

Telophase I

Two daughter cells form, each with one set of chromosomes.

Haploid or Diploid after Meiosis I

The cells are ______________ because they have only one set of chromosomes.

Meiosis II

Start with two haploid cells from meiosis I and continue to separate the sister chromatids, resulting in four haploid gametes.