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what do lung tests need to assess?
mechanical condition of the lungs
resistance of the airways
diffusion across alveolar
spirometer diagram
what does the spirometer result depend on?
the lungs elastic properties and the properties of the muscles of the chest wall
what is Tidal volume (TV)
volume of air entering and leaving the lung in each normal breath.
what is Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
extra volume of air inspired above the normal tidal volume with full force.
what is Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
extra volume of air expired by forceful expiration at the end of normal tidal expiration.
what is vital capacity (VC)
maximum amount of air expelled from the lung after first filling the lungs to a maximum then expiring to a maximum (TV+IRV+ERV)
what volumes are not measured by spirometry?
Residual volume (RV)
Functional residual capacity (FRC)
total lung capacity (TLC)
what is forced vital capacity (FVC)
total volume exhaled
what is FEV1?
total volume expired in the first second. Typically >70% FVC
what are FVC and FEV1 defined as?
a ratio
FEV1/FVC
how is FRC measured?
1. helium dilution
2. nitrogen washout
what happens to FVC and FEV1 in pulmonary fibrosis and scoliosis?
FVC is reduced
FEV1 is relatively normal
FEV1/FVC remains normal
what happens to FVC and FEV1 in asthma or COPD?
FEV1 is reduced
FVC relativity normal
a low FEV1/FVC will be recorded.
vital graph of lung function
equation to work out functional residual capacity?
Note 
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