Acid- Base

pH

power hydrogen

pH 0 to 3 is considered

acidic

pH of 7 is considered

neutral

pH 9 to 14 is considered

basic or alkaline

basic is

decreased H+

acidic is

increased H+

respiratory acidosis is

increased CO2, decreased pH

increased CO2 aka

hypercapnia

respiratory acidosis causes a

decreased respiratory rate

causes of respiratory acidosis

anesthetic drugs, stroke, issue with respiratory muscles- diaphragm, intercostal, issue with gas exchange- infxn, pneumonia

respiratory alkalosis is

decreased CO2, increased pH

decreased CO2 aka

hypocapnia

respiratory alkalosis causes an

increased respiratory rate

causes of respiratory alkalosis

drugs, sepsis, hyperventilation- anxiety, pain, stress, originate in respiratory center of brain

metabolic acidosis

buildup of acids within blood stream, secondary to a condition

With metabolic acidosis there is not enough

bicarbonate to neutralize

ketoacidosis can be secondary to

diabetes

metabolic alkalosis can be secondary to

vomiting

Vomiting causes loss of

electrolytes, increased bicarbonate

Both lungs and kidneys work to

restore blood pH to normal

the lungs work to restore blood pH within

minutes

the kidneys can work to restore blood pH for

days