Evidence-Based Practice

Flashcards based on Evidence-Based Practice lecture notes.

What is the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR)?

The leading journal and database for systematic reviews in health care.

What is a randomized controlled trial (RCT)?

An experimental form of impact evaluation in which the population receiving the programme or policy intervention is chosen at random from the eligible population, and a control group is also chosen at random from the same eligible population.

What is a meta-analysis?

The statistical integration of evidence from multiple studies that address a common research question.

What does QALY stand for?

Quality Adjusted Life Years

Who was Sir Austin Bradford-Hill?

An English Epidemiologist and Statistician who conducted the first clinical trial - Streptomycin in tuberculosis and is famous for criteria of causation.

Who was Sir Archie Cochrane?

A Scottish doctor famous for his book – Effectiveness and Efficiency – Random Reflections on Health Services (Nuffield Provincial Hospitals Trust) 1972

Who is Sir Ian Chalmers?

A Clinician and Health Researcher, co-founder of the Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews in 1993.

What is Evidence-Based Practice?

A systematic approach to decision-making that involves using the best available evidence to inform decisions and actions.

What is Evidence-Based Medicine?

Translation of uncertainty to an answerable question and includes critical questioning, study design and levels of evidence. Systematic retrieval of the best evidence available. Critical appraisal of evidence for internal validity.

What are Clinical Guidelines?

Guidelines that make the volume of research manageable for the individual clinician and resolve clinicians’ disagreement on appropriate management.

Name sources of clinical guidelines.

Professional Societies and Associations, Stakeholder Associations, Government supported national bodies.

What is NICE?

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence; Provides national guidance on the promotion of good health, prevention and treatment of ill health.

What are the core principles of NICE?

Comprehensive Evidence Base, Expert Input, Public Patient and Carer Involvement, Independent Advisory Committees, Genuine Consultation, Regular Review, Open and Transparent Process

What are QALYs?

Quality Adjusted Life Years - a measure that combines the added duration of life and the quality of that life (from 0-1) to assess the value of healthcare interventions.

What does the BMJ publication Clinical Evidence Concise provide?

Guidance on 158 conditions currently, including a synopsis of guidance from a wide variety of sources.

What is a Learning Health System (LHS)?

An advanced approach to healthcare where data and experiences from clinical practice are continuously collected, analyzed, and used to improve patient care.