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Psychiatry
amnesia
loss of memory
anxiety
varying degrees of uneasiness, apprehension, or dread often accompanied by palpitations, tightness in the chest, breathlessness, and choking sensation
apathy
absence of emotions; lack of interest, emotional involvement, or motivation
compulsion
uncontrollable urge to perform an act repeatedly in an attempt to reduce anxiety
conversion
anxiety becomes a bodily symptom, such as blindness, deafness, or paralysis, that does not have a physical basis
delusion
fixed, false belief that cannot be changed by logical reasoning or evidence
dissociation
uncomfortable thoughts are split off from the person’s conscious awareness to avoid mental distress
dysphoria
intense feelings of depression, discontent, and generalized dissatisfaction with life
euphoria
intense feelings of well-being, elation, happiness, excitement, and jy
hallucination
false or unreal sensory perception
labile
variable; undergoing rapid emotional change
mania
elevated, expansive state with talkativeness, hyperactivity, euphoria, and racing thoughts
mutism
no, or very little, ability to speak
obsession
involuntary, persistent idea or emotion
paranoia
overly suspicious system of thinking; fixed delusion that one is being harassed, persecuted, or unfairly treated
anxiety disorders
panic disorder
phobic disorders
obsessive-compulsive disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
generalized anxiety disorder
bipolar disorders
bipolar I
bipolar II
cyclothymic disorder
depressive disorders
major depressive disorder
persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)
seasonal affective disorder (SAD)
dissociative disorders
identity disorder
dissociative amnesia
depersonalization/derealization disorder
eating disorders
anorexia nervosa
bulimia nervosa
neurocognitive disorders
delirium
dementia
neurodevelopmental disorders
intellectual disability disorders
communication disorders
autistic spectrum disorder
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
personality disorders
Cluster A:
paranoid
schizoid
schizotypal
Cluster B:
antisocial
borderline
histrionic
narcissistic
Cluster C:
avoidant
dependent
obsessive-compulsive
schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders
Key features:
delusions
hallucinations
disorganized thinking (speech)
abnormal motor behavior
negative symptoms
sexual dysfunctions and paraphilias
delayed or premature ejaculation/orgasmic disorders
exhibitionism
voyeurism
somatic symptom disorders
conversion disorder
illness anxiety disorder
substance-related and addictive disorders
Use/Abuse of:
alcohol
cannabis
hallucinogens
sedatives
amphetamines
cocaine
opioids
affect
external expression of emotion, or emtional response
amnesia
loss of memory
anorexia nervosa
eating disorder with excessive dieting and refusal to maintain a normal body weight
anxiety disorders
characterized by unpleasant tension, distress, and avoidance behavior
apathy
absence of emotions; lack of interest or emotional involvement
autism
neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inhibited social interaction and communication and by restricted, repetitive behavior
bipolar disorders
these disorders are marked by alternating periods of mania and depression
bulimia nervosa
eating disorder with binge eating followed by vomiting, purging, and depression
cannabis
plant substance from which marijuana is obtained
compulsion
uncontrollable urge to perform an act repeatedly in an attempt to reduce anxiety
conversion disorder
condition marked by neurologic symptoms with no organic (physical) basis, appearing as a result of anxiety and unconscious inner conflict
defense mechanism
unconscious technique (coping mechanism) used to resolve or conceal conflicts and anxiety
delirium
acute episodes of confused thinking, disorientation, agitation, and fearfulness
delirium tremens
associated with alcohol withdrawal
delusion
fixed, false belief that cannot be changed by logical reasoning or evidence
dementia
progressive loss of intellectual abilities such as memory, judgment, and reasoning as well as changes in personality
depressive disorders
major psychiatric disorders with chronic sadness, loss of energy, hopelessness, worry, discouragement, and, commonly, suicidal impulses and thoughts
dissociative disorders
conditions involving breakdown in memory, identity, or perception
ego
central coordinating branch of the personality or mind
fugue
unconscious flight from customary surroundings; a sign of dissociative disorder
hallucination
false sensory perception (hearing voices and seeing things)
id
major unconscious part of the personality; energy from instinctual drives and desires
labile
unstable; undergoing rapid emotional change
mania
elevated expansive state (euphoria) with hyperactivity, talkativeness, and racing thought
mutism
no, or very little, ability to speak
neurodevelopmental disorders
group of childhood disorders characterized by delays in socialization and communication skills
obsession
involuntary, persistent idea, urge, or emotion
obsessive-compulsive disorder
anxiety disorder in which recurrent thoughts and repetitive acts dominate behavior
paranoia
overly suspicious system of thinking with fixed delusions of being harassed, persecuted, or unfairly treated
paraphilia
recurrent intense sexual urge, fantasy, or behavior that involved unusual objects, activities, or situations
personality disorders
lifelong patterns of interacting and behavior marked by inflexibility and impairment of social functioning
phobia
irrational or disabling fear (avoidance) of an object or situation
post-traumatic stress disorder
anxiety-related symptoms appear after personal experience of a traumatic event
projective (personality) test
diagnostic personality test using stimuli (inkblots, pictures, abstract patterns, incomplete sentences) to evoke responses that reflect aspects of an individual’s personality
psychiatrist
physician (MD degree) or osteopath (DO degree) with medical training in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of mental disorders
psychologist
nonmedical professional (often with a PhD, PsyD, or EdD degree) specializing in mental processes and how the brain functions in health and disease
clinical psycholocy
providing testing and counseling services to patients with mental and emotional disorders
experimental psychology
performing laboratory tests and experiments in a controlled environment to study mental processes
social psychology
study of the effects of group membership on behavior and attitudes of individuals
psychosis
marked by loss of contact with reality, often associated with delusions and hallucinations
reality testing
psychological process that distinguishes fact from fantasy; severely impaired in psychosis
repression
defense mechanism by which unacceptable thoughts, feelings, and impulses are automatically pushed into the unconscious, out of awareness
schizophrenia spectrum disorders
group of chronic psychotic disorders that may include hallucinations, disorganized speech and behavior, flat affect, and lack of initiative
sexual dysfunctions
disturbances in a person’s ability to respond sexually or to experience sexual pleasure
somatic symptom disorders
presence of physical symptoms (such as pain or fatigue) that cannot be explained by an actual physical disorder or mental condition
substance-related and addictive disorders
group of disorders marked by regular overuse of or dependence on psychoactive substances that affect the central nervous system
superego
internalized conscience and moral aspect of the personality
amphetamines
central nervous system stimulants that may be used to treat attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder and depression
atypical antipsychotics
drugs that treat psychotic symptoms and behavior
benzodiazepines
drugs that lessen anxiety, tension, agitation, and panic attacks
cognitive behavioral therapy
focuses on the connection between behavior and thoughts; conditioning is used to relieve anxiety and improve symptoms of illness
electroconvulsive therapy
electrical current is used to produce convulsions and loss of consciousness; effective in the treatment of major depression
family therapy
treatment of an entire family to resolve and shed light on conflicts
first generation antipsychotic drugs
early neuroleptic medications that reduce psychotic symptoms
free association
psychoanalytic technique in which the patient verbalizes, without censorship, the passing contents of his or her mind
group therapy
group of patients with similar problems gain insight into their personalities through discussion and interaction with each other
hypnosis
induced trance (state of altered consciousness)
insight-oriented therapy
face-to-face discussion of life problems and associated feelings
lithium
medication used to treat bipolar illness
neuroleptic drug
any drug that favorably modifies psychotic symptoms; antipsychotic drug
play therapy
treatment in which a child, through the use of toys in a playroom setting, expresses conflicts and feelings that cannot be communicated verbally
psychoanalysis
treatment that allows the patient to explore inner emotions and conflicts so as to understand and change current behavior
psychodrama
group therapy in which a patient expresses feelings by acting out family and social roles with other patients
psychopharmacology
treatment of psychiatric disorders with drugs
sedatives
drugs that induce calmness, promote sleep, and help lessen anxiety
supportive psychotherapy
offering encouragement, support, and hope to patients facing difficult life transitions and events
transference
psychoanalytic process in which the patient relates to the therapist as though the therapist were a prominent childhood figure
tricyclic antidepressants
drugs used to treat severe depression (characterized by a three-ringed fused molecular structure)
anxi/o
uneasy, anxious, distressed
aut/o
self
hallucin/o
hallucination, to wander in the mind
hypn/o
sleep
iatr/o
treatment
