Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives Review

These flashcards cover key concepts related to carboxylic acids and their derivatives, including structures, properties, reactions, and nomenclature.

What are the main functional groups present in carboxylic acids?

Carboxylic acids consist of a carbonyl group and a hydroxyl group.

Why do carboxylic acids have higher boiling points compared to other functional groups?

Carboxylic acids can form hydrogen bonds, which increases their boiling points.

What is the IUPAC suffix used for naming carboxylic acids?

The suffix used is –oic acid.

What happens when carboxylic acids dissolve in water?

They dissociate to form carboxylate ions and hydronium ions.

What are the primary products of the acid hydrolysis of esters?

Carboxylic acid and alcohol.

What type of reaction occurs when a carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol?

Esterification.

Name one common carboxylic acid and its source.

Acetic acid (ethanoic acid) comes from vinegar.

What is the characteristic property of acid chlorides?

They are reactive derivatives of carboxylic acids that react violently with water.

Describe the process of saponification.

Saponification is the base-catalyzed hydrolysis of fats or oils to produce soap.

What type of acids are dicarboxylic acids?

Dicarboxylic acids contain two carboxylic acid functional groups.

How are acid anhydrides formed?

From the removal of water from two carboxylic acids.

What is the process called when aldehydes are oxidized to form carboxylic acids?

Oxidation.

What effect do carboxylic acids have on the solubility of compounds in water?

They enhance solubility due to their ability to form hydrogen bonds.

What is a common application of lactic acid?

Produced by bacteria during the fermentation of sugars.

What is a phosphoester?

An ester of phosphoric acid formed when a phosphate reacts with alcohol.

Explain the reaction of an acid anhydride with an alcohol.

An acid anhydride reacts with an alcohol to produce an ester and a carboxylic acid.

What kind of reactions do carboxylic acids undergo?

They undergo neutralization, esterification, and dissociation.

How do you form a carboxylate ion from a carboxylic acid?

By deprotonating the carboxylic acid in water.