Psyc 134: Problem Solving & Creativity

Flashcards for reviewing key vocabulary terms related to problem solving and creativity from a psychology lecture.

Problem

When there is an obstacle between a present state and a goal

Problem Representation

The way a problem is translated (or represented) in our mind

Problem Restructuring

The process of changing a problem's representation

Insight

Sudden realization of a solution to a problem

Functional Fixedness

Tendency to focus on similar functions or uses of objects

Mental Set

Preconceived notion about how to approach a problem

Information-processing approach

Problem solving is a search between the posing of a problem and its solution

Initial State

Conditions at the beginning of a problem

Goal State

Solution to the problem

Intermediate States

Conditions after each step is made toward solving a problem

Problem Space

All possible states that can occur when solving a problem

Operators

Actions that take the problem from one state to another

Means-End Analysis

Reduce the differences between the initial and goal states by creating sub-goals

Analogical Problem Solving

Attempting to solve a problem using the solution to a similar problem

Analogical Transfer

Experience solving one problem is transferred to another problem

Target Problem

The problem you are trying to solve

Source Problem

Another problem that is similar to and may illustrate a way to solve the target problem

Analogical Paradox

It can be difficult to apply analogies in the laboratory, but we routinely use analogies in real-world settings

Expert

Someone knowledgeable or skilled in a particular

Divergent Thinking

Thinking that is open-ended and involves a large number of potential “solutions"

Creative Cognition

Technique to train people to think creatively

Creativity

The use of imagination or original ideas