AP Art History Identifiers

Apollo 11 Stones

Namibia, C. 25,000 B.C.E., Charcoal on stone

Great Hall of the Bulls

Paleolithic Europe, 15,000 B.C.E., Rock painting

Camelid sacrum in the shape of a canine

14,000 B.C.E., Bone

Running Horned Woman

6000 B.C.E., Pigment on rock

Bushel with ibex motifs

4200 B.C.E., Painted terra cotta

Anthropomorphic stele

Arabian Peninsula, Fourth millennium B.C.E., Sandstone

Jade cong

3,300-2,200 B.C.E., Carved jade

Stonehenge

Neolithic Europe, 2500 B.C.E., Sandstone

The Ambum Stone

C. 150 B.C.E., Greywacke

Tlatilco female figurine

1200 B.C.E., Ceramic

Terra cotta fragment

Lapita, 1000 B.C.E., Terra cotta (incised)

White Temple and its ziggurat

Sumerian, c. 3500 B.C.E., Mud brick

Palette of King Narmer (back and front)

Predynastic Egypt, c. 3000 B.C.E., Greywacke

Statues of votive figures (from the Square Temple at Eshnunna [modern Tell Asmar, Iraq])

Sumerian, c. 2700 B.C.E., Gypsum inlaid with shell and limestone

Seated scribe

Old Kingdom, Fourth dynasty, c. 2620 B.C.E., Painted limestone

Standard of Ur (Peace and War)

Sumerian, c. 2600 B.C.E., Wood inlaid with shells, lapis lazuli, and red limestone

Great Pyramids (Menkaura, Khafre, and Khufu) and Great Sphinx

Old Kingdom, Fourth dynasty, c. 2550 B.C.E., Cut limestone

King Menkaura and Queen

Old Kingdom, fourth dynasty, c. 2490 B.C.E., Greywacke

The Code of Hammurabi

Susian, c. 1792 B.C.E., Basalt

Temple of Amun-Re and Hypostyle Hall

New Kingdom, 18th and 19th Dynasties, Temple: c. 1550 B.C.E.; Hall: c. 1250 B.C.E., Cut sandstone and mud brick

Mortuary temple of Hatshepsut

New Kingdom, 18th Dynasty, c. 1473 B.C.E., Sandstone, partially carved into a rock cliff

Kneeling statue of Hatshepsut

New Kingdom, 18th Dynasty, c. 1473 B.C.E., Red granite

Akhenaton, Nefertiti, and three daughters

New Kingdom (Amarna), 18th Dynasty, c. 1353 B.C.E., Limestone

Tutankhamun's tomb, innermost coffin

New Kingdom, 18th Dynasty, c. 1323 B.C.E., Gold with inlay of enamel and semiprecious stones

Last judgment of Hu-Nefer, from his tomb (page from the Book of the Dead)

New Kingdom, 19th Dynasty, c. 1275 B.C.E., Painted papyrus scroll

Lamassu from the citadel of Sargon II, Dur Sharrukin

Neo-Assyrian, c. 720-705 B.C.E., Alabaster

Athenian agora

Archaic through Hellenistic Greek, 600 B.C.E.-150 C.E., Plan

Anavysos Kouros

Archaic Greek, c. 530 B.C.E., Marble with remnants of paint

Peplos Kore (from the Acropolis)

Archaic Greek, c. 530 B.C.E., Marble, painted details

Sarcophagus of the Spouses

Etruscan, c. 520 B.C.E., Terra cotta

Audience Hall (apadana) of Darius and Xerxes

Persian, c. 520-465 B.C.E., Limestone

Temple of Minerva

Etruscan, c. 510-500 B.C.E., Original temple of wood, mud brick, or tufa (volcanic rock)

Apollo (Temple of Minerva)

Etruscan, master sculptor Vulca, c. 510-500 B.C.E. terra cotta sculpture

Tomb of the Triclinium

Etruscan, c. 480-470 B.C.E., Tufa and fresco

Niobides Krater

Anonymous vase painter of Classical Greek known as the Niobid painter, c. 460-450 B.C.E., Clay, red-figure technique (white highlights)

Doryphoros (Spear Bearer)

Polykleitos, 450-440 B.C.E., Marble

Acropolis

c. 447-410 B.C.E., Marble

Parthenon (Acropolis)

Iktinos and Kallikrates, c. 447-410 B.C.E., Marble

Helios, horses, and Dionysus (Heracles?) (Acropolis)

c. 447-410 B.C.E., Marble

Temple of Athena Nike (Acropolis)

c. 447-410 B.C.E., Marble

Victory adjusting her sandal (Temple of Athena Nike) (Acropolis)

c. 447-410 B.C.E., Marble

Plaque of the Ergastines (Acropolis)

c. 447-410 B.C.E., Marble

Grave stele of Hegeso

Attributed to Kallimachos, c. 410 B.C.E., Marble and paint

Winged Victory of Samothrace

Hellenistic Greek, c. 190 B.C.E., Marble

Great Altar of Zeus and Athena at Pergamon

Hellenistic Greek, c. 175 B.C.E., Marble

House of the Vettii

Imperial Roman, c. second century B.C.E., Cut stone and fresco

Alexander Mosaic (from the House of the Faun, Pompeii)

Republican Roman, c. 100 B.C.E., Mosaic

Seated Boxer

Hellenistic Greek, c. 100 B.C.E., Bronze

Head of a Roman patrician

Republican Roman, c. 75-50 B.C.E., Marble

Augustus of Prima Porta

Imperial Roman, Early first century C.E., Marble

Colosseum (Flavian Amphitheatre)

Imperial Roman, 70-80 C.E., Stone and concrete

Forum of Trajan (reconstruction drawing)

Apollodorus of Damascus, 106-112 C.E., Brick and concrete

Basilica Ulpia (reconstruction drawing)

Apollodorus of Damascus, 106-112 C.E., Brick and concrete

Trajan markets

Apollodorus of Damascus, 106-112 C.E., Brick and concrete

Column of Trajan

Pantheon

Imperial Roman, 118-125 C.E., Concrete with stone facing

Ludovisi Battle Sarcophagus

Late Imperial Roman, c. 250 C.E., Marble

Catacomb of Priscilla

Orant fresco (Catacomb of Priscilla)

Late Antique Europe, c. 200-400 C.E., Excavated tufa and fresco

Good Shepherd fresco (Catacomb of Priscilla)

Late Antique Europe, c. 200-400 C.E., Excavated tufa and fresco

Santa Sabina

Late Antique Europe, c. 422-432 C.E., Brick and stone, wooden roof

Rebecca and Eliezer at the Well (from the Vienna Genesis)

Early Byzantine Europe, Early sixth century C.E., Illuminated manuscript (tempera, gold, and silver on purple vellum)

Jacob Wrestling the Angel (from the Vienna Genesis)

Early Byzantine Europe, Early sixth century C.E., Illuminated manuscript (tempera, gold, and silver on purple vellum)

San Vitale

Early Byzantine Europe, c. 526-547 C.E., Brick, marble, and stone veneer; mosaic

Justinian panel (San Vitale)

Early Byzantine Europe, c. 526-547 C.E., Mosaic

Theodora panel (San Vitale)

Early Byzantine Europe, c. 526-547 C.E., Mosaic

Hagia Sofia

(Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus), 532-537 C.E., Brick and ceramic elements with stone and mosaic veneer

Merovingian looped fibulae

Early medieval Europe, Mid-sixth century C.E., Silver gilt worked in filigree, with inlays of garnets and other stones

Virgin (Theotokos) and Child between Saints Theodore and George

Early Byzantine Europe, Sixth or early seventh century C.E., Encaustic on wood

St. Matthew, cross-carpet page (Lindisfarne Gospels)

Early medieval (Hiberno Saxon) Europe, c. 700 C.E., Illuminated manuscript (ink, pigments, and gold on vellum)

St. Luke portrait page (Lindisfarne Gospels)

Early medieval (Hiberno Saxon) Europe, c. 700 C.E., Illuminated manuscript (ink, pigments, and gold on vellum)

St. Luke incipit page (Lindisfarne Gospels)

Early medieval (Hiberno Saxon) Europe, c. 700 C.E., Illuminated manuscript (ink, pigments, and gold on vellum)

Great Mosque of Cordoba

Umayyad, c. 785-786 C.E., Stone masonry

Pyxis of al-Mughira

Umayyad, c. 968 C.E., Ivory

Church of Sainte-Foy

Romanesque Europe, c. 1050-1130 C.E., Stone

The Last Judgment (Church of Sainte-Foy)

Romanesque Europe, c. 1050-1130 C.E., Stone and paint

Reliquary of Sainte-Foy

Romanesque Europe, Ninth century C.E., Gold, silver, gemstones, and enamel over wood

Bayeaux Tapestry (Cavalry attack and First meal)

Romanesque Europe (English or Norman), c. 1066-1080 C.E., Embroidery on linen

Chartres Cathedral

Gothic Europe, c. 1145-1155 C.E., Limestone, stained glass

Notre Dame de la Belle Verriere window (Chartres Cathedral)

Gothic Europe, c. 1145-1155 C.E., Limestone, stained glass

Dedication Page with Blanche of Castile and King Louis IX of France and Scenes from the Apocalypse (from Bibles moralisées)

Gothic Europe, c. 1225-1245 C.E., Illuminated manuscript (ink, tempera, and gold leaf on vellum)

Röttgen Pietá

Late medieval Europe, c. 1300-1325 C.E., Painted wood

Arena (Scrovegni) Chapel and Lamentation

Proto-Renaissance, Giotto di Bondone, c. 1303 C.E., Brick

Golden Haggadah (The Plagues of Egypt, Scenes of Liberation, and Preparation for Passover)

Late medieval Spain, c. 1320 C.E., Illuminated manuscript (pigments and gold leaf on vellum)

Alhambra

Nasrid Dynasty, 1354-1391 C.E., Whitewashed adobe stucco, wood, tile, paint, and gilding

Annunciation Triptych (Merode Altarpiece)

Robert Campin, 1427-1432 C.E., Oil on wood

Pazzi Chapel

Filippo Brunelleschi, c. 1429-1461 C.E., Masonry

The Arnolfini Portrait

Jan van Eyck, c. 1434 C.E., Oil on wood

David

Donatello, c. 1440-1460 C.E., Bronze

Palazzo Rucellai

Leon Battista Alberti, c. 1450 C.E., Stone, masonry

Madonna and Child with Two Angels

Fra Filippo Lippi, c. 1465 C.E., Tempera on wood

Birth of Venus

Sandro Botticelli, c. 1484-1486 C.E., Tempera on canvas

Last Supper

Leonardo da Vinci, c. 1494-1498 C.E., Oil and tempera

Adam and Eve

Albrecht Durer, 1504 C.E., Engraving

Sistine Chapel ceiling (and altar wall frescoes)

Michelangelo, c. 1508-1512 C.E., Fresco

The School of Athens

Raphael, 1509-1511 C.E., Fresco

Isenheim altarpiece

Matthias Grunewald, c. 1512-1516 C.E., Oil on wood

Entombment of Christ

Jacopo da Pontormo, 1525-1528 C.E., Oil on wood

Allegory of Law and Grace

Lucas Cranach the Elder, c. 1530 C.E., Woodcut and letterpress

Venus of Urbino

Titian, c. 1538 C.E., Oil on canvas