Studied by 8 people
zygote
the fertilized egg; it enters a 2-week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo
embryo
the developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month
fetus
the developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth
teratogens
monster maker; agents such as chemicals and viruses that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm
fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman’s heavy drinking
habituation
decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation. as infants gain familiarity with repeated exposure to a visual stimulus, their interest wanes and they look away sooner
maturation
biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience
schema
a concept or framework that organizes and interprets information
assimilation
interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas
accommodation
adapting our current understanding (schemas) to incorporate new information
sensorimotor stage
in piaget’s theory, the stage (from birth to about 2 years) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities
object permanence
the awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived
preoperational stage
in piagets theory, the stage (from 2-7 years) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations o concrete logic
conservation
the principle (concrete operational) that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects
egocentrism
in piagets theory, the preoperational child’s difficulty taking another’s point of view
theory of mind
peoples ideas about their own and others mental states - about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts, and the behaviors these might predict
autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
a disorder that appears in childhood and is marked significant deficiencies in communication and social interaction, and by rigidly fixated interests and repetitive behaviors
concrete operational stage
in piaget’s theory, the stage of cognitive development (7-11 years) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events
formal operational stage
in piaget’s theory, the stage o cognitive development (normally beginning about age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts
stranger anxiety
the fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about 8 months of age
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