Anatomy quiz #2

How many ribs attach directly to the sternum (True ribs)

7

How many ribs attach indirectly to the sternum (False ribs)

3

How many floating ribs are there?

2

What is the Pectoral girdle comprised of?

the clavicle and the scapula

What does the pectoral girdle provide?

a rigid structure for muscles to pull against

Where is the pectoral girdle attached? (Anterior and Posterior)

Anterior attachment at sternoclavicular joint Posterior attachment is muscular

What does the pelvic girdle do?

Supports weight of the body from the vertebral column

What does the pelvic girdle do for lower organs?

Protects and supports

What is the primary function of your respritory system?

Gas exchange to support life

What is the secondary function of the lungs?

Provide energy for speech productuion

What is the trachea composed of?

Cartilage rings and a muscus membrane

Where is the trachea located?

Inferior to the larynx

What is the name of the point where the trachea splits?

Carina

What does the trachea split into?

Bronchi

what do Terminal bronchioles divide into?

Alveolar ducts

Alveoli are sourrounded by what?

a network of capillaries

Alveoli are a location for what exchnage (membrane is permeable)?

Gas exchange

What is inspiration?

Air is drawn into the lungs and the thoracic cavity expands, decreasing air pressure in the lungs

What is expiration?

Air is expelled from the lungs, the thoracic cavity contracts, increasing the air pressure in the lungs

Where is plueral linkage and what does it do?

between the lungs and the ribs; it enables the lungs to expand and contract as the thorax changes volume

Parietal Pluera

Lines the inner surface of the thoracic cavity

Viceral pluera

Lines the outer surface of lungs

Why are the pluera useful?

Provide friction free movement, protection, and link lungs to the walls of thorax

What is boyles law?

Pressure and volume are inversely related

What is the diaphragm the primary muscle of?

Inspiration

What does the diaphragm separate?

The abdominal and thoracic cavities

Which side of the diaphragm is higher?

Right

What is the diaphragm innervated by?

Phrenic nerve

What is the white part in the middle of the diaphragm?

Central tendon

Where does the sternal portion of the diaphragm attach? (Muscular portion)

\
\n to xiphoid process

Where does the costal portion of the diaphragm attach? (Muscular portion)

to inner surface of cartilage of ribs 7 - 12

Where does the vertebral portion of the diaphragm attach? (Muscular portion)

to upper lumbar vertebrae (corpus of L1, transverse process of L1 – L5)

What is the only muscle contracted during tidal breathing?

Diaphragm

(Muscles of inspiration) where are external intercostals located and what direction do they go?

between the ribs, course downwards and inwards

(Muscles of inspiration) Where do the external intercostals origionate from?

Surface of ribs 1-11

(Muscles of inspiration) What are the external intercostals intervated by?

T1-T11

(Muscles of inspiration)Levator muscles in the back help do what?

Elevate the ribcage

(Muscles of inspiration) What are the levator muscles intervated by?

T2-T12

(Muscles of inspiration) What ribs does the Serratus posterior superior elevate?

2-5

(Muscles of inspiration) What innervates the Serratus posterior superior?

T1-T4

(inspiration) where does the Sternocleidomastoid originate from?

mastoid process of temporal bone

(inspiration) what does the Sternocleidomastoid elevate?

sternum and by association rib cage

(inspiration) what do Scalenes (anterior, middle, posterior) elevate?

ribs 1 and 2

(inspiration) What are Scalenes (anterior, middle, posterior) innervated by?

C4-6

(inspiration) what does the Pectoralis major do?

Elevates sternum and therefore increases transverse \n dimension of rib cage

what is the pectoralis major innervated by?

C4-C7 and T1

what is the pectoralis minor innervated by?

C4-C7 and T1

true or false Expiration is passive at rest (requiring no active \n muscle contraction).

True

During exercise or breathing beyond tidal, \n expiration is aided by

active muscle contractions

Internal intercostals are the primary muscles of what?

forced exhalation

what are internal intercoastals innervated by?

T2-T11

what is the Abdominal aponeurosis used for?

has various attachments for muscles

what is the midline of the abdominal aponeurosis called?

linea alba

what is thr origin of the Rectus abdominis

Pubic crest and pubic symphysis

What is the rectus abdominis innervated by?

T7-T12

what action does the rectus abdominis perform?

Flexes trunk, aids forced expiration and \n raise intra-abdominal pressure

What is the deepest abdominal muscle?

Transverse abdominis

what is the origin of the transverse abdominis

vertebral column

whats is the transverse abdominis innervated by?

T7-T12

What action does the transverse abdominis perform?

Compresses abdomen

what is the origin of the Internal oblique abdominis?

anterior two thirds of iliac crest

what is the internal oblique abdominis innervated by?

T7-T12

what action does the internal oblique abdominis perform?

Supports abdominal wall, assists forced \n respiration, aids raising intra-abdominal pressure \n and, with muscles of other side, abducts and \n rotates trunk.

Which abdominal muscle is most superficial?

External Oblique abdominis

What is the external oblique abdominis innervated by?

T7-T12

What direction does the external obliques follow?

Courses downward and medially (generally \n opposite internal oblique abdominis

what is the origin of the external obliques?

lower borders of ribs 5-12

what action does the external obliques perform?

compress abdominal contents

what does the Serratus posterior inferior do?

Muscle of forced exhalation

where is the Serratus posterior inferior located?

Originate on the spinous process of T11 – L3 Insert into lower margins of ribs 7-12

what is the Serratus posterior inferior innervated by?

T9-T12

where is the Latissimus dorsi located?

The back

what does the Latissimus dorsi do?

Stabilizes posterior wall for expiration.