Module 4: Nutrition During Pregnancy

Life cycle nutrition

It involves the study of special nutritional needs, physiology, and health concerns of pregnant and lactating women, infants, children, adolescents, and older adults.

Gestation

It refers to the period when the fertilized ovum implants itself in the uterus, undergoes differentiation, and grows until it can support extrauterine life.

36kcal/kg

The daily caloric intake of a pregnant woman should not be reduced below __ of weight.

300, 500

An equivalent of __ cal/day is needed during the 1st and 3rd trimester, while __ cal/day is needed during the 2nd trimester.

True

True or False: A pregnant woman’s basal metabolic rate rises during pregnancy.

15-20lbs (3-7-7)

What is the total ideal weight gain during pregnancy?

False

True or False: A sudden weight gain in the 2nd trimester or after 20 weeks AOG is normal as it takes into account the weight of the fetus.

14g/day

According to the FAO/WHO, how much additional protein is recommended for a pregnant Filipino mother?

Net Protein Utilization

This refers to the proportion of protein ingested and retained in the body under specified conditions.

68g/day

How much protein does a pregnant woman need if her NPU is 53g/day?

73g/day

How much protein does a pregnant adolescent mother need?

2/3

What fraction of CHON comes from animal sources, which are considered of high biological value?

2-5mg IV

How many mg of vitamin K is given to the mother? Include route of administration.

1-2mg IM

How many mg of vitamin K is given to the infant after birth? Include route of administration.

B1 (Thiamine)

What vitamin is needed for brain development and for the conversion of carbohydrates into energy?

B3 (Niacin)

What vitamin is needed to prevent miscarriages and birth defects?

Vitamins A and E

What vitamin/s is/are needed for the development of epithelial cells and good vision?

33%

How many percent of an increase for Vitamin C is needed for wound healing and tissue structure?

Folate and Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)

What vitamin/s is/are needed for RBC synthesis and the prevention of neural tube defects?

500-900mg

There must be a __ increase in Calcium.

50%

There must be a __ increase of magnesium to prevent preeclampsia.

700-1000mg

At least a __ increase in iron must be absorbed and utilized by the mother throughout the pregnancy.

240mg

About __ of iron is spared in the cessation of menstruation.

Zinc

There must be a 33% increase in __ for the release of vitamin A in the liver, growth and enzymatic action, etc.

Iodine

An increase of 15% in __ is needed to prevent maternal goiter and delayed brain development of the baby.

Hyperemesis gravidarum

This occurs when a pregnant mother experiences N/V throughout her term and not just during the first trimester.

Human chorionic gonadotropin

What hormone causes N/V in pregnant women?

24th

The onset of acute preeclampsia is after the __ week.

Macrocytic anemia

This refers to the combined deficiency of folic acid and iron, which can increase the chances of premature delivery.

Low calcium and phosphorus levels

What is the main cause of leg cramps in pregnant women?

Nicotine

__ lowers the mean birth weight and increases the risk for premature mortality.

Caffeine

__ increases the fetal heart rate, which leads to fetal distress.

Steroids

What drug causes cleft lip and palate? Examples of these drugs include hydrocortisone and dexamethasone.

Thalidomide

What drug causes amelia and phocomelia?

Iodine

What drug, contained in many OTC cough suppressants, can destroy the thyroid and cause mental retardation?

Vitamin K

What drug, if consumed in large doses, can cause hemolysis, kernicterus, and hyperbilirubinemia?

Aspirin

What drug causes maternal and neonatal bleeding due to it being an anticoagulant?

Streptomycin

What drug causes damage to the vestibulocochlear nerve?

Tetracycline

What drug causes tooth enamel deficiency and bone deformities?

Cocaine

What drug causes dysmorphia and CNS anomaly?

Heroine

What drug causes intrauterine growth retardation?