Unit 3 Vocab Official

Cultural Relativism

Cultural Relativism

Cultural idea that is understood based on the person’s own culture rather than judged based on someone else’s

Ethnocentrism

Application of ones own culture to judge others, uses as frame of reference.

Culture

Shared practices, attitudes & behaviors in a society.

Taboo

Behaviors that are heavily discourage by a culture ex. Tattoos, Muslims against pork, Hindus against beef.

Material Culture

Physical objects created by human groups

Artifacts

Objects that entertain, make life easier

Non-Material Culture

Abstract human creations, invisible. Ex. Language and religion

Sociofacts

Structures and organization (families, gov, edu. Sys, sports, organizations, religious groups)

Mentifacts

Ideas, values and beliefs. Ex. Religion, language, right vs. wrong)

Values

Right vs. wrong

Custom

Frequent repeated act

Tradition

Passed down from one gen to the next

Hearth

Location a cultural trait originates

Cultural landscape

Combination of cultural, economic, and natural elements that make up any landscape. Gives clues as to what is important to a culture.

Physical features

Vegetations, mountains, climate, weather elements

Agricultural and industrial prac.

Fields of a certain crop industry, service economy- how developed is it. Hints MDC & LDC

Religious & Linguistic Characteristics

Lang.s on signs, places of worship, religious dress, religious holidays

Sequent Occupancy

Groups that leave their mark throughout history. Ex. Cities with old buildings

Traditional Architecture

Built by what is available to you in local environment, reflects history, culture, and climate

Modern Architecture

Functional, orderly-rational build

Post-Modern Architecture

Diverse, reflects pop. Culture

Land use patters

What the land is being used for

Ethnicity

Sense of belonging or identity w/in a group of ppl. Bound by common ancestry, culture & homeland

Race

Physical characteristic

Ethnic Enclave/Neighborhoods

Ppl. Of same ethnicity clustered together. Ex. Miami: Little Havana , San Franciso: Large Chinese pop due to gold rush

Gendered spaces

Places in culture that accommodate gender roles. Public or private spaces often res. For a specific gender

Indigenous Land-Use

Usage of land put aside for indigenous groups. Can be + or -

Cultural Landscape

Cultural, natural & economic elements that make up a landscape

Indigenous Communities and lands

Communities that live w/in or attached to ancestral territories & identify themselves as being a part of a distinct cultural group

Diffusion

Spread of culture

Relocation diffusion

Ideas spread physically. Ex. Spanish being spoken in South & Central America. From spaniards moving to the areas and bringing their culture with them

Contagious Diffusion

Cultural phenomenon that spreads rapidly effects mostly everyone. Ex. Spanish flu, Islam.

Hierarchical Diffusion

Stars someone in power and spreading down. Waterfall , pyramid. Ex. Clothing fads

Reverse Hierarchical Diffusion

Less pop areas and smaller towns move up to larger cities. Ex. Walmart, started small grew big

Stimulus Diffusion

Only main or underlying ideas spread. Ex. McDonald’s, maintains focused concept

Expansion

Spread of culture without migration

Imperialism

Dominance of one country over another. Ex. Europe

Colonialism

Establishes settlements, economic, political gain. Occupy, physical control.

Neocolonialism

Assertion of political, economic, cultural influence. MDC put LCD into debt to gain political control over LDC. Copy right IRS

Trade

Ppl. Interact to buy & sell goods, exchange of culture and ideas

Silk Road

Network of trade routes connected E. Asia & Europe. Central to economic, cultural, political, & religious interactions. 2nd cent. BCE - 18th cent.

Pidgin Language

Coms. Lang. Simplifies, limited non-native lang. Used by 2 ppl of diff. Native lang.

Creole Lang.

New Lang. Pidgin lang. Develops into new combined lang. Ex. Cajun/ Jouisiana , Haitian

Lingua Franca

Common lang. Speakers of diff. Lang. Use for coms. Business, trade, commerce. Ex. Mandarin- China , English - world

Dialects

Variations in accent & grammar.

Official Lang

De facto. Public thing done by gov. To communicate info.

Centripetal

(+) Pulls together, creates unity

Centrifugal

(-) Pulls apart, breaks unity. Endangers other lang & cultures

Globalization

Increase interconnectedness due to modern tech. Transfer of ideas, meanings & values around the wrld.

McDonaldization

One of most visible aspects of cultural diffusion & globalization

Distance Decay

Relationship between distance & interaction/ connection. Closer= ^ connection , farther= Less connection

Globalization

Increased cultural & economic connectedness worldwide w/o regards to barriers

Time - Space Convergence

Shrinking world due to improvements in coms. And transport tech

Genocide

Mass murder of an ethnic or religious group

Assimilation

Ethnic or immigrant group blends w/ host culture and loses culturally distinctive traits

Syncretism

Blending of beliefs, ideas, prac. And traits especially religion

Acculturation

When ethnic or immigrant group adopts enough ways of host society to sustainably function economically and socially, maintains original culture

Ethnic Religion

Emphasize strong cultural characteristics, does not seek converts. Typically born or adopted into religion