Unit 3 Vocab Official

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58 Terms

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Cultural Relativism
Cultural idea that is understood based on the person’s own culture rather than judged based on someone else’s
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Ethnocentrism
Application of ones own culture to judge others, uses as frame of reference.
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Culture
Shared practices, attitudes & behaviors in a society.
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Taboo
Behaviors that are heavily discourage by a culture ex. Tattoos, Muslims against pork, Hindus against beef.
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Material Culture
Physical objects created by human groups
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Artifacts
Objects that entertain, make life easier
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Non-Material Culture
Abstract human creations, invisible. Ex. Language and religion
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Sociofacts
Structures and organization (families, gov, edu. Sys, sports, organizations, religious groups)
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Mentifacts
Ideas, values and beliefs. Ex. Religion, language, right vs. wrong)
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Values
Right vs. wrong
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Custom
Frequent repeated act
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Tradition
Passed down from one gen to the next
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Hearth
Location a cultural trait originates
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Cultural landscape
Combination of cultural, economic, and natural elements that make up any landscape. Gives clues as to what is important to a culture.
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Physical features
Vegetations, mountains, climate, weather elements
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Agricultural and industrial prac.
Fields of a certain crop industry, service economy- how developed is it. Hints MDC & LDC
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Religious & Linguistic Characteristics
Lang.s on signs, places of worship, religious dress, religious holidays
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Sequent Occupancy
Groups that leave their mark throughout history. Ex. Cities with old buildings
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Traditional Architecture
Built by what is available to you in local environment, reflects history, culture, and climate
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Modern Architecture
Functional, orderly-rational build
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Post-Modern Architecture
Diverse, reflects pop. Culture
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Land use patters
What the land is being used for
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Ethnicity
Sense of belonging or identity w/in a group of ppl. Bound by common ancestry, culture & homeland
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Race
Physical characteristic
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Ethnic Enclave/Neighborhoods
Ppl. Of same ethnicity clustered together. Ex. Miami: Little Havana , San Franciso: Large Chinese pop due to gold rush
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Gendered spaces
Places in culture that accommodate gender roles. Public or private spaces often res. For a specific gender
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Indigenous Land-Use
Usage of land put aside for indigenous groups. Can be + or -
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Cultural Landscape
Cultural, natural & economic elements that make up a landscape
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Indigenous Communities and lands
Communities that live w/in or attached to ancestral territories & identify themselves as being a part of a distinct cultural group
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Diffusion
Spread of culture
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Relocation diffusion
Ideas spread physically. Ex. Spanish being spoken in South & Central America. From spaniards moving to the areas and bringing their culture with them
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Contagious Diffusion
Cultural phenomenon that spreads rapidly effects mostly everyone. Ex. Spanish flu, Islam.
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Hierarchical Diffusion
Stars someone in power and spreading down. Waterfall , pyramid. Ex. Clothing fads
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Reverse Hierarchical Diffusion
Less pop areas and smaller towns move up to larger cities. Ex. Walmart, started small grew big
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Stimulus Diffusion
Only main or underlying ideas spread. Ex. McDonald’s, maintains focused concept
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Expansion
Spread of culture without migration
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Imperialism
Dominance of one country over another. Ex. Europe
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Colonialism
Establishes settlements, economic, political gain. Occupy, physical control.
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Neocolonialism
Assertion of political, economic, cultural influence. MDC put LCD into debt to gain political control over LDC. *Copy right IRS*
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Trade
Ppl. Interact to buy & sell goods, exchange of culture and ideas
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Silk Road
Network of trade routes connected E. Asia & Europe. Central to economic, cultural, political, & religious interactions. 2nd cent. BCE - 18th cent.
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Pidgin Language
Coms. Lang. Simplifies, limited non-native lang. Used by 2 ppl of diff. Native lang.
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Creole Lang.
New Lang. Pidgin lang. Develops into new combined lang. Ex. Cajun/ Jouisiana , Haitian
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Lingua Franca
Common lang. Speakers of diff. Lang. Use for coms. Business, trade, commerce. Ex. Mandarin- China , English - world
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Dialects
Variations in accent & grammar.
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Official Lang
De facto. Public thing done by gov. To communicate info.
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Centripetal
(+) Pulls together, creates unity
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Centrifugal
(-) Pulls apart, breaks unity. Endangers other lang & cultures
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Globalization
Increase interconnectedness due to modern tech. Transfer of ideas, meanings & values around the wrld.
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McDonaldization
One of most visible aspects of cultural diffusion & globalization
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Distance Decay
Relationship between distance & interaction/ connection. Closer= ^ connection , farther= Less connection
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Globalization
Increased cultural & economic connectedness worldwide w/o regards to barriers
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Time - Space Convergence
Shrinking world due to improvements in coms. And transport tech
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Genocide
Mass murder of an ethnic or religious group
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Assimilation
Ethnic or immigrant group blends w/ host culture and loses culturally distinctive traits
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Syncretism
Blending of beliefs, ideas, prac. And traits especially religion
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Acculturation
When ethnic or immigrant group adopts enough ways of host society to sustainably function economically and socially, maintains original culture
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Ethnic Religion
Emphasize strong cultural characteristics, does not seek converts. Typically born or adopted into religion