Unit 3 Vocab Official

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Cultural Relativism

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58 Terms

1

Cultural Relativism

Cultural idea that is understood based on the person’s own culture rather than judged based on someone else’s

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2

Ethnocentrism

Application of ones own culture to judge others, uses as frame of reference.

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3

Culture

Shared practices, attitudes & behaviors in a society.

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4

Taboo

Behaviors that are heavily discourage by a culture ex. Tattoos, Muslims against pork, Hindus against beef.

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5

Material Culture

Physical objects created by human groups

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6

Artifacts

Objects that entertain, make life easier

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7

Non-Material Culture

Abstract human creations, invisible. Ex. Language and religion

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8

Sociofacts

Structures and organization (families, gov, edu. Sys, sports, organizations, religious groups)

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9

Mentifacts

Ideas, values and beliefs. Ex. Religion, language, right vs. wrong)

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10

Values

Right vs. wrong

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11

Custom

Frequent repeated act

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12

Tradition

Passed down from one gen to the next

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13

Hearth

Location a cultural trait originates

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14

Cultural landscape

Combination of cultural, economic, and natural elements that make up any landscape. Gives clues as to what is important to a culture.

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15

Physical features

Vegetations, mountains, climate, weather elements

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16

Agricultural and industrial prac.

Fields of a certain crop industry, service economy- how developed is it. Hints MDC & LDC

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17

Religious & Linguistic Characteristics

Lang.s on signs, places of worship, religious dress, religious holidays

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18

Sequent Occupancy

Groups that leave their mark throughout history. Ex. Cities with old buildings

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19

Traditional Architecture

Built by what is available to you in local environment, reflects history, culture, and climate

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20

Modern Architecture

Functional, orderly-rational build

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21

Post-Modern Architecture

Diverse, reflects pop. Culture

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22

Land use patters

What the land is being used for

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23

Ethnicity

Sense of belonging or identity w/in a group of ppl. Bound by common ancestry, culture & homeland

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24

Race

Physical characteristic

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25

Ethnic Enclave/Neighborhoods

Ppl. Of same ethnicity clustered together. Ex. Miami: Little Havana , San Franciso: Large Chinese pop due to gold rush

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26

Gendered spaces

Places in culture that accommodate gender roles. Public or private spaces often res. For a specific gender

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27

Indigenous Land-Use

Usage of land put aside for indigenous groups. Can be + or -

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28

Cultural Landscape

Cultural, natural & economic elements that make up a landscape

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29

Indigenous Communities and lands

Communities that live w/in or attached to ancestral territories & identify themselves as being a part of a distinct cultural group

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30

Diffusion

Spread of culture

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31

Relocation diffusion

Ideas spread physically. Ex. Spanish being spoken in South & Central America. From spaniards moving to the areas and bringing their culture with them

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Contagious Diffusion

Cultural phenomenon that spreads rapidly effects mostly everyone. Ex. Spanish flu, Islam.

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33

Hierarchical Diffusion

Stars someone in power and spreading down. Waterfall , pyramid. Ex. Clothing fads

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34

Reverse Hierarchical Diffusion

Less pop areas and smaller towns move up to larger cities. Ex. Walmart, started small grew big

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35

Stimulus Diffusion

Only main or underlying ideas spread. Ex. McDonald’s, maintains focused concept

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36

Expansion

Spread of culture without migration

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37

Imperialism

Dominance of one country over another. Ex. Europe

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38

Colonialism

Establishes settlements, economic, political gain. Occupy, physical control.

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39

Neocolonialism

Assertion of political, economic, cultural influence. MDC put LCD into debt to gain political control over LDC. Copy right IRS

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40

Trade

Ppl. Interact to buy & sell goods, exchange of culture and ideas

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41

Silk Road

Network of trade routes connected E. Asia & Europe. Central to economic, cultural, political, & religious interactions. 2nd cent. BCE - 18th cent.

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42

Pidgin Language

Coms. Lang. Simplifies, limited non-native lang. Used by 2 ppl of diff. Native lang.

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43

Creole Lang.

New Lang. Pidgin lang. Develops into new combined lang. Ex. Cajun/ Jouisiana , Haitian

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44

Lingua Franca

Common lang. Speakers of diff. Lang. Use for coms. Business, trade, commerce. Ex. Mandarin- China , English - world

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45

Dialects

Variations in accent & grammar.

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46

Official Lang

De facto. Public thing done by gov. To communicate info.

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47

Centripetal

(+) Pulls together, creates unity

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48

Centrifugal

(-) Pulls apart, breaks unity. Endangers other lang & cultures

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49

Globalization

Increase interconnectedness due to modern tech. Transfer of ideas, meanings & values around the wrld.

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50

McDonaldization

One of most visible aspects of cultural diffusion & globalization

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51

Distance Decay

Relationship between distance & interaction/ connection. Closer= ^ connection , farther= Less connection

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52

Globalization

Increased cultural & economic connectedness worldwide w/o regards to barriers

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53

Time - Space Convergence

Shrinking world due to improvements in coms. And transport tech

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54

Genocide

Mass murder of an ethnic or religious group

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55

Assimilation

Ethnic or immigrant group blends w/ host culture and loses culturally distinctive traits

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56

Syncretism

Blending of beliefs, ideas, prac. And traits especially religion

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57

Acculturation

When ethnic or immigrant group adopts enough ways of host society to sustainably function economically and socially, maintains original culture

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58

Ethnic Religion

Emphasize strong cultural characteristics, does not seek converts. Typically born or adopted into religion

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