integumentary uwu pt2

Integumentary system

The system in the body that consists of the skin and its derivatives, including hair, nails, and glands.

Epidermis

The outer layer of the skin made of stratified squamous epithelium.

Dermis

The deep part of the skin made of connective tissue that provides strength and flexibility.

Hypodermis

The subcutaneous layer beneath the dermis, composed of loose connective tissue.

Melanin

A dark pigment produced by specialized cells called melanocytes that determines the color of the skin.

Sudoriferous glands

Sweat glands that help regulate body temperature and excrete waste materials.

Sebaceous glands

Oil glands that lubricate and protect the skin.

Keratin

A protein produced by keratinocytes in the epidermis that provides strength to the skin.

Vitamin D

A vitamin synthesized in the skin with the help of sunlight, necessary for calcium absorption.

Stratum basale

The bottom layer of the epidermis, responsible for cell regeneration.

Stratum corneum

The outermost layer of the epidermis, composed of dead, keratinized cells.

Stratum granulosum

The layer of the epidermis where cells are in the process of keratinization.

Stratum spinosum

The layer of the epidermis where cells have a polyhedral shape and are involved in protein synthesis.

Stratum lucidum

A translucent layer of cells found only in thick skin.

Papillary layer

The layer of the dermis next to the epidermis, containing loose connective tissue and touch receptors.

Reticular layer

The deeper layer of the dermis, made of dense connective tissue with blood vessels, nerves, and glands.

Eccrine glands

Small, simple coiled tubular sweat glands distributed over the entire body.

Apocrine glands

Odiferous sweat glands found in specific areas of the body, becoming active at puberty.

Sebum

An oily secretion produced by sebaceous glands that lubricates the skin and hair.

Sebum

A substance produced by the sebaceous glands that functions as a permeability barrier, emollient, and protective agent against bacteria and fungi.

Sudoriferous glands

Coiled tubular glands found all over the body, except in the palms and soles, that produce sweat.

Ceruminous glands

Modified merocrine sweat glands found in the ear that produce earwax (cerumen).

Mammary glands

Modified apocrine sweat glands that produce milk.

Cleavage (tension) lines

Lines in the reticular layer of the dermis where the fibers of elastin and collagen are oriented in certain directions, which is the ideal direction for surgical incisions.

Striae (stretch marks)

Lines that appear on the skin when the dermis ruptures due to overstretching.

Hair

Composed of keratinized threads of cells that develop from the epidermis and cover the entire body except for certain areas.

Hair follicle

Structure in the skin where hair grows from, consisting of the root and the shaft.

Matrix

The base of the hair follicle where cells are added to make the hair elongate.

Arrector pili muscles

Smooth muscles attached to the hair follicle that contract to produce goosebumps and erect hair.