Lexicology

Nouns

Words that name people, places, things, or ideas (e.g., "cat," "London," "happiness").

Concrete Nouns

tangible things

Abstract Nouns

ideas or concepts

Proper Nouns

names, places, people

Pronouns

Words that replace nouns to avoid repetition (e.g., "he," "they," "it").

Verbs

Words that express actions, processes, or states (e.g., "run," "think," "exist").

Auxiliary verbs

Verbs that assist the main verb in a sentence to indicate tense, mood, or voice (e.g., "is," "have," "will").

Modal verbs

A type of auxiliary verb that expresses possibility, necessity, or ability (e.g., "can," "must," "should").

Adjectives

Words that describe or modify nouns (e.g., "blue," "tall," "happy").

Adverbs

Words that modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, often indicating manner, time, or degree (e.g., "quickly," "very," "yesterday").

Prepositions

Words that show relationships between nouns (or pronouns) and other elements in a sentence, often indicating location, direction, or time (e.g., "on," "under," "before").

Conjunctions

Words that connect clauses, sentences, or words.

Coordinators

Conjunctions that join elements of equal importance (e.g., "and," "but," "or").

Subordinators

Conjunctions that introduce subordinate clauses (e.g., "because," "although").

Determiners

Words that introduce nouns and indicate quantity, possession, or definiteness

Articles

indefinite (a,an) and definite (the)

Demonstratives

these those, this, that

Quantifiers

myriad, many, some, 4. Write as

Possessive adjectives

his, her, its, my, your, our, their.

Interjections

Words or phrases that express sudden emotion or reaction (e.g., "wow," "ouch," "oops").

Function words

Words that have grammatical purposes and link content words together (e.g., prepositions, conjunctions, determiners).

Content words

Words that carry semantic meaning, such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs.

Neologism

The creation of a completely new word or expression (e.g., "selfie").

Borrowings

Words taken from other languages and incorporated into English (e.g., "taco" from Spanish).

Commonisation

The process by which proper nouns become common nouns or verbs (e.g., "google" as a verb for searching the internet).

Nominalisation

The process of converting a word, often a verb, sometimes adjective , into a noun.

Obsolescence

When a word falls out of use due to changes in culture, technology, or societal practices (e.g., "floppy disk").

Archaism

A word or expression that is no longer in common use but may still be used for stylistic purposes or in specific contexts (e.g., "thou").